NR507 Midterm Exam 2026 | Complete
Questions and Guide Answers, 100% Verified
Graded A+
Additional benefit of ACE inhibitors? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Blood-pressure control and
cardiovascular protection
Bone disorder caused by CKD? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Renal osteodystrophy with fragile bones
Cardiovascular findings with uremia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Hypertension, pericarditis, fluid
overload, heart failure
Cause of anemia of chronic disease? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Inflammation causing decreased
erythropoietin and iron availability
Causes of aortic stenosis? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Congenital defects, calcification, rheumatic heart
disease
Causes of interstitial lung disease? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Environmental toxins, autoimmune
disease, certain drugs, idiopathic origins
Causes of iron deficiency anemia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Blood loss, dietary deficiency,
malabsorption
Causes of postrenal AKI? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Urinary outflow obstruction (stones, BPH, tumor,
pregnancy, neurogenic bladder)
Common cause of prerenal AKI? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Decreased renal perfusion due to
hypovolemia or cardiac failure
Common causes of microcytic anemia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic
disease
,Common early symptom of BPH? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Nocturia
Complications of BPH? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Urinary retention, recurrent UTI, bladder stones,
renal dysfunction, incontinence, erectile dysfunction
Complications of incontinence? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Infection, dermatitis, depression, anxiety
Conditions causing normocytic anemia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Chronic disorders, renal disease,
hemolysis, marrow failure
Consequences of prolonged inflammation in asthma? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Airway remodeling
with edema, fibrosis, and obstruction
Define acute kidney injury (AKI). - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Sudden decline in kidney function causing
waste accumulation and electrolyte imbalance
Define anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin leading to low
oxygen delivery
Define asthma. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Chronic obstructive airway disease with inflammation and
bronchial hyperreactivity
Define benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Non-cancerous enlargement of
the prostate gland in men
Define cardiorenal syndrome. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Reciprocal dysfunction of heart and kidneys
perpetuating failure
Define chronic kidney disease (CKD). - -------CORRECT ANSWER----GFR below 60 mL/min for more than 3
months
, Define heart failure. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Inability of heart to pump or fill adequately to meet
body's needs
Define macrocytic anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----RBCs larger than normal (MCV > 100 fL)
Define microcytic anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----RBCs smaller than normal (low MCV)
Define normocytic anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Normal-size RBCs but low count
Define overflow incontinence. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Leakage from over-distended bladder with
weak detrusor activity
Define renal calculi. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Hard crystalline deposits (kidney stones) forming in
kidneys or urinary tract
Define status asthmaticus. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Severe prolonged asthma attack unresponsive to
treatment
Define uremic syndrome. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Multisystem toxic state arising from accumulation
of renal wastes
Define urge incontinence. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Sudden urge to urinate from overactive detrusor
contraction
Define urinary incontinence. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Unintentional loss of bladder control
Define valvular heart disease. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Abnormal structure or function of cardiac
valves
Define ventilation-perfusion mismatch. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Imbalance between alveolar
ventilation and blood perfusion
Questions and Guide Answers, 100% Verified
Graded A+
Additional benefit of ACE inhibitors? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Blood-pressure control and
cardiovascular protection
Bone disorder caused by CKD? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Renal osteodystrophy with fragile bones
Cardiovascular findings with uremia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Hypertension, pericarditis, fluid
overload, heart failure
Cause of anemia of chronic disease? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Inflammation causing decreased
erythropoietin and iron availability
Causes of aortic stenosis? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Congenital defects, calcification, rheumatic heart
disease
Causes of interstitial lung disease? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Environmental toxins, autoimmune
disease, certain drugs, idiopathic origins
Causes of iron deficiency anemia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Blood loss, dietary deficiency,
malabsorption
Causes of postrenal AKI? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Urinary outflow obstruction (stones, BPH, tumor,
pregnancy, neurogenic bladder)
Common cause of prerenal AKI? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Decreased renal perfusion due to
hypovolemia or cardiac failure
Common causes of microcytic anemia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic
disease
,Common early symptom of BPH? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Nocturia
Complications of BPH? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Urinary retention, recurrent UTI, bladder stones,
renal dysfunction, incontinence, erectile dysfunction
Complications of incontinence? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Infection, dermatitis, depression, anxiety
Conditions causing normocytic anemia? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Chronic disorders, renal disease,
hemolysis, marrow failure
Consequences of prolonged inflammation in asthma? - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Airway remodeling
with edema, fibrosis, and obstruction
Define acute kidney injury (AKI). - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Sudden decline in kidney function causing
waste accumulation and electrolyte imbalance
Define anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin leading to low
oxygen delivery
Define asthma. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Chronic obstructive airway disease with inflammation and
bronchial hyperreactivity
Define benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Non-cancerous enlargement of
the prostate gland in men
Define cardiorenal syndrome. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Reciprocal dysfunction of heart and kidneys
perpetuating failure
Define chronic kidney disease (CKD). - -------CORRECT ANSWER----GFR below 60 mL/min for more than 3
months
, Define heart failure. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Inability of heart to pump or fill adequately to meet
body's needs
Define macrocytic anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----RBCs larger than normal (MCV > 100 fL)
Define microcytic anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----RBCs smaller than normal (low MCV)
Define normocytic anemia. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Normal-size RBCs but low count
Define overflow incontinence. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Leakage from over-distended bladder with
weak detrusor activity
Define renal calculi. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Hard crystalline deposits (kidney stones) forming in
kidneys or urinary tract
Define status asthmaticus. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Severe prolonged asthma attack unresponsive to
treatment
Define uremic syndrome. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Multisystem toxic state arising from accumulation
of renal wastes
Define urge incontinence. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Sudden urge to urinate from overactive detrusor
contraction
Define urinary incontinence. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Unintentional loss of bladder control
Define valvular heart disease. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Abnormal structure or function of cardiac
valves
Define ventilation-perfusion mismatch. - -------CORRECT ANSWER----Imbalance between alveolar
ventilation and blood perfusion
