BIOD 331 | NURS 231 Pathophysiology
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Verified Answers
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Portage Learning, Geneva College
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Updated Final Exam
True & False Questions
Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers
Expert-Verified Explanations
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
, ### 1. (True/False) – Make true if False
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell
types.
Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell differentiation.
Verified Explanation: Cell proliferation involves increasing cell number through mitosis. Cell
differentiation refers to the process by which cells become structurally and functionally specialized.
---
### 2. (True/False) – Make true if False
Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell proliferation.
Verified Explanation: Differentiation is the process wherein cells become specialized; proliferation
pertains specifically to cell division and the augmentation of cell numbers.
---
### 3. (Short answer) What are two important properties that stem cells possess?
Correct Answer: Potency and self-renewal.
Verified Explanation: Potency refers to the stem cell's ability to differentiate into various specialized
cell types, while self-renewal is the property that allows the stem cell population to be maintained through
many cycles of cell division.
### 4. (True/False) Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances.
Correct Answer: False
Verified Explanation: Metaplastic cells arise through the process of metaplasia, whereby one
differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type better suited for survival under adverse conditions.
This adaptation increases the survival capacity of tissues exposed to chronic stressors or irritants, such as
in the replacement of ciliated columnar cells in the airways with squamous epithelium in smokers.
---
### 5. (True/False) Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
, Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Hypertrophy describes the increase in cell size, which contributes to organ
enlargement. This process can occur in response to physiological stimuli, such as increased workload in
muscle after exercise, or pathological stimuli, such as cardiac hypertrophy secondary to hypertension.
---
### 6. Which are true of the mitochondria? (select all that apply)
- It is involved in cellular respiration
- They play a role in apoptosis
Correct Answer: Both statements are correct.
Verified Explanation: Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for ATP production through
aerobic respiration (cellular respiration). Additionally, they participate in the intrinsic pathway of
apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors into the cytoplasm.
---
### 7. (Multiple choice) Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
a) It helps maintain cell shape and structural integrity
b) It is essential for intracellular transport and cellular movement
c) It is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Correct Answer: d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Verified Explanation:
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of protein fibers—namely microtubules, microfilaments,
and intermediate filaments—that are critical for maintaining cellular architecture, facilitating intracellular
transport, and enabling cellular movements such as division and migration. It does not consist of
peroxisomes and proteasomes. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in lipid
metabolism and the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, while proteasomes are protein complexes
responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins through proteolysis. Both peroxisomes and
proteasomes serve essential cellular functions, but neither is classified as a component of the
cytoskeleton.
---
### 8. Which are true of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply)
1. Controls the transport of materials from outside fluids to within
2. Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Verified Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
Portage Learning, Geneva College
Inside you will get:
Updated Final Exam
True & False Questions
Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers
Expert-Verified Explanations
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
, ### 1. (True/False) – Make true if False
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell
types.
Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell differentiation.
Verified Explanation: Cell proliferation involves increasing cell number through mitosis. Cell
differentiation refers to the process by which cells become structurally and functionally specialized.
---
### 2. (True/False) – Make true if False
Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell proliferation.
Verified Explanation: Differentiation is the process wherein cells become specialized; proliferation
pertains specifically to cell division and the augmentation of cell numbers.
---
### 3. (Short answer) What are two important properties that stem cells possess?
Correct Answer: Potency and self-renewal.
Verified Explanation: Potency refers to the stem cell's ability to differentiate into various specialized
cell types, while self-renewal is the property that allows the stem cell population to be maintained through
many cycles of cell division.
### 4. (True/False) Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances.
Correct Answer: False
Verified Explanation: Metaplastic cells arise through the process of metaplasia, whereby one
differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type better suited for survival under adverse conditions.
This adaptation increases the survival capacity of tissues exposed to chronic stressors or irritants, such as
in the replacement of ciliated columnar cells in the airways with squamous epithelium in smokers.
---
### 5. (True/False) Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
, Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Hypertrophy describes the increase in cell size, which contributes to organ
enlargement. This process can occur in response to physiological stimuli, such as increased workload in
muscle after exercise, or pathological stimuli, such as cardiac hypertrophy secondary to hypertension.
---
### 6. Which are true of the mitochondria? (select all that apply)
- It is involved in cellular respiration
- They play a role in apoptosis
Correct Answer: Both statements are correct.
Verified Explanation: Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for ATP production through
aerobic respiration (cellular respiration). Additionally, they participate in the intrinsic pathway of
apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors into the cytoplasm.
---
### 7. (Multiple choice) Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
a) It helps maintain cell shape and structural integrity
b) It is essential for intracellular transport and cellular movement
c) It is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Correct Answer: d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Verified Explanation:
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of protein fibers—namely microtubules, microfilaments,
and intermediate filaments—that are critical for maintaining cellular architecture, facilitating intracellular
transport, and enabling cellular movements such as division and migration. It does not consist of
peroxisomes and proteasomes. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in lipid
metabolism and the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, while proteasomes are protein complexes
responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins through proteolysis. Both peroxisomes and
proteasomes serve essential cellular functions, but neither is classified as a component of the
cytoskeleton.
---
### 8. Which are true of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply)
1. Controls the transport of materials from outside fluids to within
2. Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
