NSG 318 Exam 4 – Pharmacology
Questions And Answers With Verified
Rationales | 2026/27 Digital Pdf
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1. A patient taking digoxin reports nausea, blurred vision, and seeing
yellow halos around lights. What should the nurse suspect?
A. Therapeutic drug effect
B. Digoxin toxicity
C. Allergic reaction
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B. Digoxin toxicity
Rationale: Nausea, visual disturbances, and yellow halos are classic signs of
digoxin toxicity and require immediate evaluation.
2. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely in a patient
receiving warfarin therapy?
A. Hemoglobin A1C
B. INR
C. Troponin
D. Creatinine kinase
Answer: B. INR
Rationale: INR is used to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of warfarin
anticoagulation therapy.
,3. A patient prescribed furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte
imbalance?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide increase potassium excretion,
potentially causing hypokalemia.
4. Which instruction is most important for a patient taking nitroglycerin
sublingually?
A. Swallow the tablet immediately
B. Store tablets in a dark glass container
C. Take with milk
D. Crush the tablet before use
Answer: B. Store tablets in a dark glass container
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is sensitive to light and moisture, requiring proper
storage to maintain potency.
,5. A patient taking insulin becomes diaphoretic and confused. What is
the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer long-acting insulin
B. Check blood glucose level
C. Encourage ambulation
D. Restrict fluids
Answer: B. Check blood glucose level
Rationale: Diaphoresis and confusion may indicate hypoglycemia, requiring
immediate blood glucose assessment.
6. Which medication classification does lisinopril belong to?
A. Beta blocker
B. Calcium channel blocker
C. ACE inhibitor
D. Loop diuretic
Answer: C. ACE inhibitor
Rationale: Lisinopril inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, lowering blood
pressure and reducing cardiac workload.
7. A common adverse effect of opioid medications is:
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypertension
C. Respiratory depression
D. Tachycardia
, Answer: C. Respiratory depression
Rationale: Opioids suppress the respiratory center in the brain, potentially
causing hypoventilation.
8. Which medication is classified as a beta blocker?
A. Metoprolol
B. Furosemide
C. Digoxin
D. Losartan
Answer: A. Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate
and blood pressure.
9. A patient taking metformin should be monitored for which serious
complication?
A. Lactic acidosis
B. Hypernatremia
C. Bradycardia
D. GI bleeding
Answer: A. Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Although rare, metformin can cause life-threatening lactic acidosis,
especially in renal impairment.
Questions And Answers With Verified
Rationales | 2026/27 Digital Pdf
Download
1. A patient taking digoxin reports nausea, blurred vision, and seeing
yellow halos around lights. What should the nurse suspect?
A. Therapeutic drug effect
B. Digoxin toxicity
C. Allergic reaction
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B. Digoxin toxicity
Rationale: Nausea, visual disturbances, and yellow halos are classic signs of
digoxin toxicity and require immediate evaluation.
2. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely in a patient
receiving warfarin therapy?
A. Hemoglobin A1C
B. INR
C. Troponin
D. Creatinine kinase
Answer: B. INR
Rationale: INR is used to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of warfarin
anticoagulation therapy.
,3. A patient prescribed furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte
imbalance?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide increase potassium excretion,
potentially causing hypokalemia.
4. Which instruction is most important for a patient taking nitroglycerin
sublingually?
A. Swallow the tablet immediately
B. Store tablets in a dark glass container
C. Take with milk
D. Crush the tablet before use
Answer: B. Store tablets in a dark glass container
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is sensitive to light and moisture, requiring proper
storage to maintain potency.
,5. A patient taking insulin becomes diaphoretic and confused. What is
the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer long-acting insulin
B. Check blood glucose level
C. Encourage ambulation
D. Restrict fluids
Answer: B. Check blood glucose level
Rationale: Diaphoresis and confusion may indicate hypoglycemia, requiring
immediate blood glucose assessment.
6. Which medication classification does lisinopril belong to?
A. Beta blocker
B. Calcium channel blocker
C. ACE inhibitor
D. Loop diuretic
Answer: C. ACE inhibitor
Rationale: Lisinopril inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, lowering blood
pressure and reducing cardiac workload.
7. A common adverse effect of opioid medications is:
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypertension
C. Respiratory depression
D. Tachycardia
, Answer: C. Respiratory depression
Rationale: Opioids suppress the respiratory center in the brain, potentially
causing hypoventilation.
8. Which medication is classified as a beta blocker?
A. Metoprolol
B. Furosemide
C. Digoxin
D. Losartan
Answer: A. Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate
and blood pressure.
9. A patient taking metformin should be monitored for which serious
complication?
A. Lactic acidosis
B. Hypernatremia
C. Bradycardia
D. GI bleeding
Answer: A. Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Although rare, metformin can cause life-threatening lactic acidosis,
especially in renal impairment.
