ORGANIZATION THEORY AND
DESIGN 13TH EDITION BY RICHARD
DAFT 2026 COMPLETE TEST BANK
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ bureaucratic organizations.
Answer: organizations that emphasize designing and managing on an
impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined
authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and uniform
application of standard rules.
◉ Centralization.
Answer: refers to the level of hierarchy with authority to make
decisions.
◉ chaos theory.
Answer: a theory that suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive
systems—including organizations—are nonlinear and made up of
numerous interconnections and divergent choices that create unintended
effects and render the whole unpredictable.
◉ closed system.
Answer: a system that would not depend on or interact with the
environment. It would be autonomous, closed off, and sealed from the
outside world.
,◉ Contingency.
Answer: theory meaning that one thing depends on other things; for
organizations to be effective, there must be a "goodness of fit" between
their structure and the conditions in their external environment.
◉ contingency factors.
Answer: encompass larger elements that influence structural dimensions,
including the organization's size, technology, environment, culture, and
goals.
◉ Decentralization.
Answer: means that decision-making authority is pushed down to lower
organizational levels.
◉ Effectiveness.
Answer: the degree to which an organization achieves its goals.
◉ Efficiency.
Answer: the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's
goals; based on the quantity of raw materials, money, and employees
necessary to produce a given level of output.
◉ Hawthorne Studies.
Answer: a series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at
the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed
,employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them
during the study.
◉ level of analysis.
Answer: in systems theory, the subsystem on which the primary focus is
placed; four levels of analysis normally characterize organizations.
◉ Mechanistic.
Answer: an organization system marked by rules, procedures, a clear
hierarchy of authority, and centralized decision making.
◉ open system.
Answer: a system that must interact with the environment in order to
survive. It cannot seal itself off and must continuously adapt to the
environment.
◉ Organic.
Answer: an organization system marked by free-flowing, adaptive
processes, an unclear hierarchy of authority, and decentralized decision
making.
◉ organization theory.
Answer: a macro examination of organizations that analyzes the whole
organization as a unit.
, ◉ organizational behavior.
Answer: a micro approach to organizations that focuses on the
individuals within organizations as the relevant units of analysis.
◉ Organizations.
Answer: social entities that are goal-directed, designed as deliberately
structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the
external environment.
◉ Role.
Answer: a part in a dynamic social system that allows an employee to
use his or her discretion and ability to achieve an outcome or meet a
goal.
◉ scientific management.
Answer: emphasizes scientifically determined jobs and management
practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity.
◉ Stakeholder.
Answer: any group within or outside of an organization that has a stake
in the organization's performance.
◉ stakeholder approach.
Answer: integrates and balances diverse organizational activities by
looking at various organizational stakeholders and what they want from
the organization.
DESIGN 13TH EDITION BY RICHARD
DAFT 2026 COMPLETE TEST BANK
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ bureaucratic organizations.
Answer: organizations that emphasize designing and managing on an
impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined
authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and uniform
application of standard rules.
◉ Centralization.
Answer: refers to the level of hierarchy with authority to make
decisions.
◉ chaos theory.
Answer: a theory that suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive
systems—including organizations—are nonlinear and made up of
numerous interconnections and divergent choices that create unintended
effects and render the whole unpredictable.
◉ closed system.
Answer: a system that would not depend on or interact with the
environment. It would be autonomous, closed off, and sealed from the
outside world.
,◉ Contingency.
Answer: theory meaning that one thing depends on other things; for
organizations to be effective, there must be a "goodness of fit" between
their structure and the conditions in their external environment.
◉ contingency factors.
Answer: encompass larger elements that influence structural dimensions,
including the organization's size, technology, environment, culture, and
goals.
◉ Decentralization.
Answer: means that decision-making authority is pushed down to lower
organizational levels.
◉ Effectiveness.
Answer: the degree to which an organization achieves its goals.
◉ Efficiency.
Answer: the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's
goals; based on the quantity of raw materials, money, and employees
necessary to produce a given level of output.
◉ Hawthorne Studies.
Answer: a series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at
the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed
,employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them
during the study.
◉ level of analysis.
Answer: in systems theory, the subsystem on which the primary focus is
placed; four levels of analysis normally characterize organizations.
◉ Mechanistic.
Answer: an organization system marked by rules, procedures, a clear
hierarchy of authority, and centralized decision making.
◉ open system.
Answer: a system that must interact with the environment in order to
survive. It cannot seal itself off and must continuously adapt to the
environment.
◉ Organic.
Answer: an organization system marked by free-flowing, adaptive
processes, an unclear hierarchy of authority, and decentralized decision
making.
◉ organization theory.
Answer: a macro examination of organizations that analyzes the whole
organization as a unit.
, ◉ organizational behavior.
Answer: a micro approach to organizations that focuses on the
individuals within organizations as the relevant units of analysis.
◉ Organizations.
Answer: social entities that are goal-directed, designed as deliberately
structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the
external environment.
◉ Role.
Answer: a part in a dynamic social system that allows an employee to
use his or her discretion and ability to achieve an outcome or meet a
goal.
◉ scientific management.
Answer: emphasizes scientifically determined jobs and management
practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity.
◉ Stakeholder.
Answer: any group within or outside of an organization that has a stake
in the organization's performance.
◉ stakeholder approach.
Answer: integrates and balances diverse organizational activities by
looking at various organizational stakeholders and what they want from
the organization.
