CMN 568 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔inc risk of refractive error - ✔✔born prematurely, genetics, downs, stickler, marfan
✔✔Anisometropia - ✔✔significant unequal refractive error between two eyes
✔✔amblyopia - ✔✔dimness of vision
✔✔myopia - ✔✔- nearsightedness
- onset usually grade school, then progresses
- squinting (pinhole effect) to improve VA
- low dose atropine will slow progression
- boys may develop later
✔✔hyperopia - ✔✔- farsightedness
- able to see near and far b/c accommodation if not excessive
- most kids don't need correction because decline with age
✔✔astigmatism - ✔✔- a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of
uneven curvatures of the cornea or lens
- image not sharp because seeing in two planes of focus
✔✔Keratoconus - ✔✔- occurs when the cornea becomes irregular and cone-shaped,
causing blurring and distortion of vision
- most common in downs, atopy, and connective tissue disorder
✔✔6 wk visual acuity - ✔✔- brief fixation to mother's face
- lid squeezing to bright light
✔✔3 mo visual acuity - ✔✔fixing and following object at 2-3 ft
✔✔6 mo visual acuity - ✔✔interested in objects across room
✔✔VA testing for 3 yo - ✔✔ototypes
✔✔VA for 3-4y (36-47mo) - ✔✔expect 20/50
✔✔VA for 4-5y (48-59mo) - ✔✔expect 20/40
✔✔VA for 60mo + (over 5yo) - ✔✔20/30 or 20/32
✔✔VA for NB - ✔✔20/200 or 20/400
, ✔✔nystagmus - ✔✔- Involuntary rapid eye movements
- compensatory head tilt to achieve null point
- latent.- worse when one eye covered
✔✔Bruckner test - ✔✔- Look for red reflex with ophthalmoscope
- simultaneous exam of both pupils
- use largest diameter light and setting at zero
- refer if difference between two eyes
✔✔infants born with what kind of pupils (and elderly) - ✔✔miotic (constricted)
✔✔anisocoria - ✔✔unequal pupil size
✔✔strabismus - ✔✔- eye malalignment
- normal finding in infancy (0-4mo)
✔✔testing for alignment and motility of eyes - ✔✔corneal light reflex (hirschberg), cover
test
✔✔Corneal Light Reflex (Hirschberg Test) - ✔✔- Assess the parallel alignment of the
eye axes by shining a light toward the person's eyes and assess where light reflects
- reflection should be same in both eyes
✔✔esotropia - ✔✔inward turning of the eye
✔✔exotropia - ✔✔outward turning of the eye
✔✔Psuedostrabismus - ✔✔Appearance of malalignment caused by epicanthal folds,
wide nasal bridge
- will still have symmetrical corneal light reflex
✔✔cover test - ✔✔examination of how the two eyes work together and is used to
assess binocular vision
- watch for movement of eye after cover removed
- looking at target 20 ft away
✔✔mydriasis - ✔✔dilation of the pupil
✔✔corneal abrasion - ✔✔- an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of
the cornea
- trauma most common cause, also contacts
- sudden severe pain, decreased vision, tearing, led edema, redness
- pain improves with anesthetic gtts
- fluorescein dye with stain
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔inc risk of refractive error - ✔✔born prematurely, genetics, downs, stickler, marfan
✔✔Anisometropia - ✔✔significant unequal refractive error between two eyes
✔✔amblyopia - ✔✔dimness of vision
✔✔myopia - ✔✔- nearsightedness
- onset usually grade school, then progresses
- squinting (pinhole effect) to improve VA
- low dose atropine will slow progression
- boys may develop later
✔✔hyperopia - ✔✔- farsightedness
- able to see near and far b/c accommodation if not excessive
- most kids don't need correction because decline with age
✔✔astigmatism - ✔✔- a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of
uneven curvatures of the cornea or lens
- image not sharp because seeing in two planes of focus
✔✔Keratoconus - ✔✔- occurs when the cornea becomes irregular and cone-shaped,
causing blurring and distortion of vision
- most common in downs, atopy, and connective tissue disorder
✔✔6 wk visual acuity - ✔✔- brief fixation to mother's face
- lid squeezing to bright light
✔✔3 mo visual acuity - ✔✔fixing and following object at 2-3 ft
✔✔6 mo visual acuity - ✔✔interested in objects across room
✔✔VA testing for 3 yo - ✔✔ototypes
✔✔VA for 3-4y (36-47mo) - ✔✔expect 20/50
✔✔VA for 4-5y (48-59mo) - ✔✔expect 20/40
✔✔VA for 60mo + (over 5yo) - ✔✔20/30 or 20/32
✔✔VA for NB - ✔✔20/200 or 20/400
, ✔✔nystagmus - ✔✔- Involuntary rapid eye movements
- compensatory head tilt to achieve null point
- latent.- worse when one eye covered
✔✔Bruckner test - ✔✔- Look for red reflex with ophthalmoscope
- simultaneous exam of both pupils
- use largest diameter light and setting at zero
- refer if difference between two eyes
✔✔infants born with what kind of pupils (and elderly) - ✔✔miotic (constricted)
✔✔anisocoria - ✔✔unequal pupil size
✔✔strabismus - ✔✔- eye malalignment
- normal finding in infancy (0-4mo)
✔✔testing for alignment and motility of eyes - ✔✔corneal light reflex (hirschberg), cover
test
✔✔Corneal Light Reflex (Hirschberg Test) - ✔✔- Assess the parallel alignment of the
eye axes by shining a light toward the person's eyes and assess where light reflects
- reflection should be same in both eyes
✔✔esotropia - ✔✔inward turning of the eye
✔✔exotropia - ✔✔outward turning of the eye
✔✔Psuedostrabismus - ✔✔Appearance of malalignment caused by epicanthal folds,
wide nasal bridge
- will still have symmetrical corneal light reflex
✔✔cover test - ✔✔examination of how the two eyes work together and is used to
assess binocular vision
- watch for movement of eye after cover removed
- looking at target 20 ft away
✔✔mydriasis - ✔✔dilation of the pupil
✔✔corneal abrasion - ✔✔- an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of
the cornea
- trauma most common cause, also contacts
- sudden severe pain, decreased vision, tearing, led edema, redness
- pain improves with anesthetic gtts
- fluorescein dye with stain
