CMN 568 STUDY EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Type 1 growth deficiency - ✔✔- normal head circ
- decreased wgt more than hgt
- most common
- d/t problems r/t caloric intake/use
✔✔Type 2 growth deficiency - ✔✔- genetically determined short stature,
endocrinopathies, CV or renal dz, skeletal dysplasias
- normal head circ
- decreased wgt is equal to decreased hgt
✔✔Type 3 growth deficiency - ✔✔- head, wgt, and hgt are all decreased
- a/w CNS abnormalities, chromosomal defects, IU or peritoneal defects
✔✔ Refractive error - ✔✔most common cause of decrease in VA
✔✔hordeolum - ✔✔- commonly d/t staph
- internal (meibomian gland)
- external (Zeis gland, STYE)
- tx: warm compress, incision if no improvement, abx ointment (baci or erythro) during
acute stage
✔✔chalazion - ✔✔- infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a
beady nodule on the eyelid
- tx: warm compress; incision if no improvement in 2-3wk
✔✔blepharitis - ✔✔inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of
the eyelids
- s/s: irritation, burning, itching
- posterior: meibomian gland, lad rolled inward (entropion), telangiectaias
- anterior - red rimmed, scales or colleretts
- tx: warm compress, baby shampoo scrubs, baci/erythro in acute stages
✔✔endotropion - ✔✔- Inversion of the lid and lashed caused by muscle spasm of the
eyelid. Friction from lashes can caused corneal irritation.
- usually lower lid
- common with age increase
- sx if lashes cause irritation
- botox temporary fix
✔✔Ectotropion - ✔✔outward turning of the eyelid
✔✔basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔most common malignant tumor of eye lid
, ✔✔dacryocystitis - ✔✔- inflammation, infection of lacrimal sac
- usually UL
- s/s: tearing, d/c, pain, erythema
- patho: strep, staph epi
- tx: acute w/ sys abx or sx to resolve obstruction; congenital usually resolves spont
✔✔Viral conjunctivitis - ✔✔adenovirus; highly contagious**
swimming pools - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- lg pre-auricular lymph nodes (not present in bacterial)
*erythema, copious watery discharge
tx: supportive
- if d/t herpes then need antivirals (usually UL)
✔✔Bacterial conjunctivitis - ✔✔- pink eye
- staph, strep, moraxella, psuedomaonas
- s/s: purulent d/c and matting, mild vision blurring
- usually self-limiting (10-14d)
✔✔Chlamydial conjunctivitis - ✔✔Trachoma - Most common cause of blindness
worldwide due to chronic scarring.
✔✔Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis - ✔✔- conjunctivitis in late childhood, early adulthood
- seasonal
- cobblestone papillae, trantas dots (yellow-white points in limbus) and horner points (in
conjunctiva), long eyelashes, dennie lines
- corneal involvement in severe cases
- affects more men than women
✔✔Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) - ✔✔-bilateral inflammation of conj and eyelids
- usually with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and erythema
- rarely seen before late teens
- ocular s/s worse and all year
- vision impairment d/t corneal damage
✔✔Pinguecula - ✔✔- yellowish mass on the conjunctiva
- common in >35 yo
- usually BL and on nasal side
- rarely grow
✔✔pterygium - ✔✔- fleshy, triangular encroachment of conjunctiva onto cornea
- usually caused from sun, wind exposure
- become inflamed and may grow
- may induce astigmatism and ocular irritation
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Type 1 growth deficiency - ✔✔- normal head circ
- decreased wgt more than hgt
- most common
- d/t problems r/t caloric intake/use
✔✔Type 2 growth deficiency - ✔✔- genetically determined short stature,
endocrinopathies, CV or renal dz, skeletal dysplasias
- normal head circ
- decreased wgt is equal to decreased hgt
✔✔Type 3 growth deficiency - ✔✔- head, wgt, and hgt are all decreased
- a/w CNS abnormalities, chromosomal defects, IU or peritoneal defects
✔✔ Refractive error - ✔✔most common cause of decrease in VA
✔✔hordeolum - ✔✔- commonly d/t staph
- internal (meibomian gland)
- external (Zeis gland, STYE)
- tx: warm compress, incision if no improvement, abx ointment (baci or erythro) during
acute stage
✔✔chalazion - ✔✔- infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a
beady nodule on the eyelid
- tx: warm compress; incision if no improvement in 2-3wk
✔✔blepharitis - ✔✔inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of
the eyelids
- s/s: irritation, burning, itching
- posterior: meibomian gland, lad rolled inward (entropion), telangiectaias
- anterior - red rimmed, scales or colleretts
- tx: warm compress, baby shampoo scrubs, baci/erythro in acute stages
✔✔endotropion - ✔✔- Inversion of the lid and lashed caused by muscle spasm of the
eyelid. Friction from lashes can caused corneal irritation.
- usually lower lid
- common with age increase
- sx if lashes cause irritation
- botox temporary fix
✔✔Ectotropion - ✔✔outward turning of the eyelid
✔✔basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔most common malignant tumor of eye lid
, ✔✔dacryocystitis - ✔✔- inflammation, infection of lacrimal sac
- usually UL
- s/s: tearing, d/c, pain, erythema
- patho: strep, staph epi
- tx: acute w/ sys abx or sx to resolve obstruction; congenital usually resolves spont
✔✔Viral conjunctivitis - ✔✔adenovirus; highly contagious**
swimming pools - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- lg pre-auricular lymph nodes (not present in bacterial)
*erythema, copious watery discharge
tx: supportive
- if d/t herpes then need antivirals (usually UL)
✔✔Bacterial conjunctivitis - ✔✔- pink eye
- staph, strep, moraxella, psuedomaonas
- s/s: purulent d/c and matting, mild vision blurring
- usually self-limiting (10-14d)
✔✔Chlamydial conjunctivitis - ✔✔Trachoma - Most common cause of blindness
worldwide due to chronic scarring.
✔✔Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis - ✔✔- conjunctivitis in late childhood, early adulthood
- seasonal
- cobblestone papillae, trantas dots (yellow-white points in limbus) and horner points (in
conjunctiva), long eyelashes, dennie lines
- corneal involvement in severe cases
- affects more men than women
✔✔Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) - ✔✔-bilateral inflammation of conj and eyelids
- usually with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and erythema
- rarely seen before late teens
- ocular s/s worse and all year
- vision impairment d/t corneal damage
✔✔Pinguecula - ✔✔- yellowish mass on the conjunctiva
- common in >35 yo
- usually BL and on nasal side
- rarely grow
✔✔pterygium - ✔✔- fleshy, triangular encroachment of conjunctiva onto cornea
- usually caused from sun, wind exposure
- become inflamed and may grow
- may induce astigmatism and ocular irritation
