PHC 6002: Exam 3 Questions With
Correct Answers
Secondary pneumonia is... - ANSWER bacterial
Primary pneumonia is... - ANSWER viral
The majority of death from influenza is in what population? - ANSWER Elderly
(>65 years)
T/F: Influenza can exacerbate existing conditions and possibly lead to death -
ANSWER True
-Persons 65 and older
-Persons with chronic diseases
-Children less than 2 years old
-Pregnant women
-Nursing home residents/long term care facilities - ANSWER Greatest risk for
serious complications from influenza
Incubation period for Influenza? - ANSWER 1-3 days
Influenza is spread through ____ and is sometimes ____ - ANSWER droplet nuclei,
airborne
The infectious period of Influenza? - ANSWER 3-5 days
What are the types of influenza that are highly infectious and can both cause
pandemic? - ANSWER Influenza A and B
What type of influenza causes mild illness and does not cause pandemics? -
ANSWER Influenza C
Which type of influenza is transmitted between animals and humans (swine, bird,
humans), proficiently mutates? - ANSWER Influenza A
What type of influenza only affects and is transmitted from humans to humans,
mutates slower? - ANSWER Influenza B
Influenza A cells have surface spikes, what are these spikes called? - ANSWER
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
,Influenza A:
Neuraminidase (N in H1N1) has how many types? - ANSWER 9
Influenza A:
Hemagglutinin (H in H1N1) has how many types? - ANSWER 16
Influenza A:
How many combinations are possible with HA and NA? - ANSWER 144
Influenza A:
How many segmented genes? - ANSWER 8
What describes the frequent minor changes in the HA and NA surface antigens?
Point mutations that lead to amino acid substitutions and result in annual
epidemics - ANSWER Antigenic drift
What describes the major changes of HA, NA or both and created a new
subtype? - ANSWER Antigenic shift
Antigenic shift only occurs in what type of influenza? - ANSWER Influenza A
T/F: Most antigenic shifts do not result in a survival advantage - ANSWER True
When a new novel subtype of influenza is created this is called... - ANSWER
antigenic shift
T/F: Some mutations of antigenic drift will lead to a survival advantage -
ANSWER True
- Retains the ability to replicate well in humans
- Is efficiently transmissible between humans
- Has new surface HA or NA that evade existing influenza antibodies - ANSWER
Antigenic shift resulting in a pandemic
How many pandemics have occurred in the last 100 years? - ANSWER Four
How many times has H1N1 occurred as a pandemic? - ANSWER 3 times
What are the five documented influenza pandemic? - ANSWER H1N1, H2N2,
H3N2
T/F: There is drug resistance occurring for antiviral medications - ANSWER True
- Find out when and where influenza activity is occurring
- Track influenza-related illness
, - Determine what influenza viruses are circulating
- Measure the impact influenza is having on hospitalizations and deaths -
ANSWER Purposes of current surveillance system
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Positive samples are sent to a public health reference lab.
Clinical and public health reference labs report weekly the number of positive
and the total specimens.
Finds novel viruses, strain types, and antiviral resistance - ANSWER Virologic
surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Using a network of sentinel physician practices.
- Influenza-like illness as percentage of office visits (fever and a cough and/or
sore throat without a known cause
- Influenza cultures in selected practices and positive influenza culture
specimens received at state public health laboratory - ANSWER Outpatient
illness surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
State health departments report the estimated level of geographic spread of
influenza activity in their states each week through the State and Territorial
Epidemiologists Reports.
This level does not measure the severity of influenza activity - ANSWER
Geographic Spread of Influenza
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Laboratory confirmed and influenza-associated hospitalizations in children and
adults are monitored through the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network
(FluSurv-NET) - ANSWER Hospitalization Surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Rapid tracking of influenza-associated deaths is done through two systems
- National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality surveillance data (death
certificate data)
- Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality Surveillance System (influenza-
associated deaths in children - nationally notifiable condition since 2004) -
ANSWER Mortality Surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza from the
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality surveillance systems -
ANSWER Pneumonia and influenza mortality
Correct Answers
Secondary pneumonia is... - ANSWER bacterial
Primary pneumonia is... - ANSWER viral
The majority of death from influenza is in what population? - ANSWER Elderly
(>65 years)
T/F: Influenza can exacerbate existing conditions and possibly lead to death -
ANSWER True
-Persons 65 and older
-Persons with chronic diseases
-Children less than 2 years old
-Pregnant women
-Nursing home residents/long term care facilities - ANSWER Greatest risk for
serious complications from influenza
Incubation period for Influenza? - ANSWER 1-3 days
Influenza is spread through ____ and is sometimes ____ - ANSWER droplet nuclei,
airborne
The infectious period of Influenza? - ANSWER 3-5 days
What are the types of influenza that are highly infectious and can both cause
pandemic? - ANSWER Influenza A and B
What type of influenza causes mild illness and does not cause pandemics? -
ANSWER Influenza C
Which type of influenza is transmitted between animals and humans (swine, bird,
humans), proficiently mutates? - ANSWER Influenza A
What type of influenza only affects and is transmitted from humans to humans,
mutates slower? - ANSWER Influenza B
Influenza A cells have surface spikes, what are these spikes called? - ANSWER
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
,Influenza A:
Neuraminidase (N in H1N1) has how many types? - ANSWER 9
Influenza A:
Hemagglutinin (H in H1N1) has how many types? - ANSWER 16
Influenza A:
How many combinations are possible with HA and NA? - ANSWER 144
Influenza A:
How many segmented genes? - ANSWER 8
What describes the frequent minor changes in the HA and NA surface antigens?
Point mutations that lead to amino acid substitutions and result in annual
epidemics - ANSWER Antigenic drift
What describes the major changes of HA, NA or both and created a new
subtype? - ANSWER Antigenic shift
Antigenic shift only occurs in what type of influenza? - ANSWER Influenza A
T/F: Most antigenic shifts do not result in a survival advantage - ANSWER True
When a new novel subtype of influenza is created this is called... - ANSWER
antigenic shift
T/F: Some mutations of antigenic drift will lead to a survival advantage -
ANSWER True
- Retains the ability to replicate well in humans
- Is efficiently transmissible between humans
- Has new surface HA or NA that evade existing influenza antibodies - ANSWER
Antigenic shift resulting in a pandemic
How many pandemics have occurred in the last 100 years? - ANSWER Four
How many times has H1N1 occurred as a pandemic? - ANSWER 3 times
What are the five documented influenza pandemic? - ANSWER H1N1, H2N2,
H3N2
T/F: There is drug resistance occurring for antiviral medications - ANSWER True
- Find out when and where influenza activity is occurring
- Track influenza-related illness
, - Determine what influenza viruses are circulating
- Measure the impact influenza is having on hospitalizations and deaths -
ANSWER Purposes of current surveillance system
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Positive samples are sent to a public health reference lab.
Clinical and public health reference labs report weekly the number of positive
and the total specimens.
Finds novel viruses, strain types, and antiviral resistance - ANSWER Virologic
surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Using a network of sentinel physician practices.
- Influenza-like illness as percentage of office visits (fever and a cough and/or
sore throat without a known cause
- Influenza cultures in selected practices and positive influenza culture
specimens received at state public health laboratory - ANSWER Outpatient
illness surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
State health departments report the estimated level of geographic spread of
influenza activity in their states each week through the State and Territorial
Epidemiologists Reports.
This level does not measure the severity of influenza activity - ANSWER
Geographic Spread of Influenza
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Laboratory confirmed and influenza-associated hospitalizations in children and
adults are monitored through the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network
(FluSurv-NET) - ANSWER Hospitalization Surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
Rapid tracking of influenza-associated deaths is done through two systems
- National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality surveillance data (death
certificate data)
- Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality Surveillance System (influenza-
associated deaths in children - nationally notifiable condition since 2004) -
ANSWER Mortality Surveillance
US Influenza Surveillance Systems:
The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza from the
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality surveillance systems -
ANSWER Pneumonia and influenza mortality
