PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY- FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, the first amino acid incorporated into the polypeptide
chain is ____________
A. any of the 20 standard amino acids
B. a methionine
C. always inosinate
D. an alnine - ANS a methionine
DNA contains 2 antiparallel strands of nucleotides joined by - ANS 3'->5' phosphodiester
linkages
Eukaryotic DNA molecules are packaged with histones to form ___________, which is the
fundamental unit of chromatin - ANS a nucleosome
What is a nucleosome composed of? - ANS histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (two molecules each)
and 146 bp of DNA
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 16
,Name this type of RNA:
Carries genetic information from the gene to a ribosome, where the corresponding protein can
be synthesized - ANS mRNA
Name this type of RNA:
An integral part of ribosomes, accounts for ~80% of RNA in cells - ANS rRNA
Name this type of RNA:
Carries activated amino acids to ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis - ANS tRNA
Name this type of RNA:
has catalytic activity (catalyze cleavage of RNA) or associates with proteins to enhance activity -
ANS small RNA
DNA double helix unwinds at a specific point known as the - ANS origin of replication (Ori)
Prokaryotes have ______ (one/multiple) Ori, while Eukaryotes have ________ (one/multiple) -
ANS one; multiple
DNA replication is ________ (unidirectional/ bidirectional) - ANS bidirectional
What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - ANS synthesizes new DNA strand
What is the function of DNA polymerase I? - ANS fills gaps; excision of primers
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 16
, What is the function of single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs)? - ANS stabilize
separated DNA strands
What is the function of primase? - ANS synthesize short RNA primers
This term refers to the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
- ANS transcription
The 5'-terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA is a(n) - ANS 7-methylguanosine joined to
the mRNA via a 5' ->5' triphosphate linkgage
List the 4 steps in transcription in order - ANS 1. Initiation
2. Unwinding of double-helical DNA
3. Elongation
4. Termination
Each tRNA contains a trinucleotide sequence known as a(n) ________ that is complementary to
the mRNA specifying the tRNA's amino acid. - ANS anticodon
How does RNA polymerase know which DNA strand to use as a template for transcription? -
ANS RNA polymerase binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter, which is present
on only one strand for a given gene
In eukaryotes, where are mRNAs synthesized in the cell? - ANS nucleus
In eukaryotes, where does most translation occur? - ANS cytoplasm
At the ribosome, the template mRNA is translated in the _______ direction, while the protein is
synthesized in the _______ direction. - ANS 5' -> 3'; N-terminal to C-terminal
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 16
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, the first amino acid incorporated into the polypeptide
chain is ____________
A. any of the 20 standard amino acids
B. a methionine
C. always inosinate
D. an alnine - ANS a methionine
DNA contains 2 antiparallel strands of nucleotides joined by - ANS 3'->5' phosphodiester
linkages
Eukaryotic DNA molecules are packaged with histones to form ___________, which is the
fundamental unit of chromatin - ANS a nucleosome
What is a nucleosome composed of? - ANS histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (two molecules each)
and 146 bp of DNA
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 16
,Name this type of RNA:
Carries genetic information from the gene to a ribosome, where the corresponding protein can
be synthesized - ANS mRNA
Name this type of RNA:
An integral part of ribosomes, accounts for ~80% of RNA in cells - ANS rRNA
Name this type of RNA:
Carries activated amino acids to ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis - ANS tRNA
Name this type of RNA:
has catalytic activity (catalyze cleavage of RNA) or associates with proteins to enhance activity -
ANS small RNA
DNA double helix unwinds at a specific point known as the - ANS origin of replication (Ori)
Prokaryotes have ______ (one/multiple) Ori, while Eukaryotes have ________ (one/multiple) -
ANS one; multiple
DNA replication is ________ (unidirectional/ bidirectional) - ANS bidirectional
What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - ANS synthesizes new DNA strand
What is the function of DNA polymerase I? - ANS fills gaps; excision of primers
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 16
, What is the function of single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs)? - ANS stabilize
separated DNA strands
What is the function of primase? - ANS synthesize short RNA primers
This term refers to the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
- ANS transcription
The 5'-terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA is a(n) - ANS 7-methylguanosine joined to
the mRNA via a 5' ->5' triphosphate linkgage
List the 4 steps in transcription in order - ANS 1. Initiation
2. Unwinding of double-helical DNA
3. Elongation
4. Termination
Each tRNA contains a trinucleotide sequence known as a(n) ________ that is complementary to
the mRNA specifying the tRNA's amino acid. - ANS anticodon
How does RNA polymerase know which DNA strand to use as a template for transcription? -
ANS RNA polymerase binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter, which is present
on only one strand for a given gene
In eukaryotes, where are mRNAs synthesized in the cell? - ANS nucleus
In eukaryotes, where does most translation occur? - ANS cytoplasm
At the ribosome, the template mRNA is translated in the _______ direction, while the protein is
synthesized in the _______ direction. - ANS 5' -> 3'; N-terminal to C-terminal
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 16
