PSIO 201 EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
SOLUTIONS GUIDE GRADED A+
◉ What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
Answer: - locomotion
- facial expressions
- posture and body position
- regulation of body temperature
◉ Are skeletal muscle contractions voluntary or involuntary?
Answer: voluntary. it requires nervous system input (paralyzed
without the input)
◉ What muscle is an example of automatic (don't think about it)?
Answer: diaphragm. it has the ability to change activity
◉ Do muscles pull or push?
Answer: pull
,◉ Origin
Answer: the place where the muscle starts on a bone- stays
stationary
◉ Insertion
Answer: the place where the muscle ends on a bone- moves towards
the origin
◉ Flexion of the forearm
Answer: decreasing the angle at the elbow.
origin is at the scapula
insertion is on the radius
◉ Everything is ____ in anatomical position
Answer: extended (except the feet)
◉ Flexion
Answer: decreasing the angle between articulating bones at a joint
occurring along a sagittal plane (anterior/posterior)
◉ Extension
Answer: increasing the angle between articulating bones at a joint
occurring along a sagittal plane (anterior/posterior)
,◉ Abduction
Answer: movement away on the longitudinal axis (midline). Occurs
along the frontal plane
◉ Adduction
Answer: movement towards the longitudinal axis (midline). Occurs
along the frontal plane
◉ Reverse Muscle Action (RMA)
Answer: when the insertion is anchored, the origin moves towards
the insertion
example: pull ups
◉ What is the muscle action at the knee joint?
Answer: action: leg extension (increasing the angle at the knee)
Muscle group: quadriceps
Origin: femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
◉ Would standing up from a chair or kicking the leg forward be RMA
for the quadriceps?
, Answer: standing up from a chair. The origin (femur) moves towards
the insertion (tibial tuberosity)
◉ Agonist
Answer: muscle primarily responsible for the movement (aka prime
mover)
◉ Antagonist
Answer: muscle which opposes the action of the agonist
◉ Synergist
Answer: assists the agonist in making the action more efficient
◉ Fixator
Answer: special synergists which helps to prevent movement at
muscle origin
◉ Classify the muscles for abduction of the arm
Answer: Agonist: deltoid
Antagonist: latissimus dorsi
Synergist: supraspinatus
Fixator: trapezius
EXAMINATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
SOLUTIONS GUIDE GRADED A+
◉ What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
Answer: - locomotion
- facial expressions
- posture and body position
- regulation of body temperature
◉ Are skeletal muscle contractions voluntary or involuntary?
Answer: voluntary. it requires nervous system input (paralyzed
without the input)
◉ What muscle is an example of automatic (don't think about it)?
Answer: diaphragm. it has the ability to change activity
◉ Do muscles pull or push?
Answer: pull
,◉ Origin
Answer: the place where the muscle starts on a bone- stays
stationary
◉ Insertion
Answer: the place where the muscle ends on a bone- moves towards
the origin
◉ Flexion of the forearm
Answer: decreasing the angle at the elbow.
origin is at the scapula
insertion is on the radius
◉ Everything is ____ in anatomical position
Answer: extended (except the feet)
◉ Flexion
Answer: decreasing the angle between articulating bones at a joint
occurring along a sagittal plane (anterior/posterior)
◉ Extension
Answer: increasing the angle between articulating bones at a joint
occurring along a sagittal plane (anterior/posterior)
,◉ Abduction
Answer: movement away on the longitudinal axis (midline). Occurs
along the frontal plane
◉ Adduction
Answer: movement towards the longitudinal axis (midline). Occurs
along the frontal plane
◉ Reverse Muscle Action (RMA)
Answer: when the insertion is anchored, the origin moves towards
the insertion
example: pull ups
◉ What is the muscle action at the knee joint?
Answer: action: leg extension (increasing the angle at the knee)
Muscle group: quadriceps
Origin: femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
◉ Would standing up from a chair or kicking the leg forward be RMA
for the quadriceps?
, Answer: standing up from a chair. The origin (femur) moves towards
the insertion (tibial tuberosity)
◉ Agonist
Answer: muscle primarily responsible for the movement (aka prime
mover)
◉ Antagonist
Answer: muscle which opposes the action of the agonist
◉ Synergist
Answer: assists the agonist in making the action more efficient
◉ Fixator
Answer: special synergists which helps to prevent movement at
muscle origin
◉ Classify the muscles for abduction of the arm
Answer: Agonist: deltoid
Antagonist: latissimus dorsi
Synergist: supraspinatus
Fixator: trapezius
