Nr 293 - Exam 1 2026 Actual Questions
With Verified Answers.
Pharmokietics Study of what the body does the drug
Movement from the Admin Site to the
Absorption
Bloodstream
Absorption 3 Primary Routes GI Tract, Parental, Topical
Bioacvailability Extent of drug absorpiton. IV has 100% Bio.
Will first pass through liver called First Pass.
Then Liver METABOLIZES the drug and
If drug is absorbed through GI Tract: remaining active ingriedents. This may reduce
the drug's effectiveness before it enters the
systemic circulation.
Prodrug Drug is inactive until metabolism makes it active
Which PO drugs AVOID first pass Buccal tablets
Enteral medication administration Swallowed, passing through GI tract
Parental administration Injected (IV,SQ, IM)
Topical administration Applies to skin, applied to nares, inhalers
Movement from blood stream to target cells
Distribution
also known as VOD.
Most common plasma protein Albumin
Considered pharmacologically inactivate and
Bound Drug
then turns into a predictable response
Considered pharmacologically active and then
Unbound drug turns to unpredictable response. Can lead to
toxicity
Transforms the drugs so it can be used by the
Metabolism body. LIVER is responsible for it.
, Liver diseases such as Cirrhosis.
Conditons that can alter metabolism
Labs to check: AST & ALT
Eliination of drug form body. Kidney is
Excretion: responsible. Conditions that can alter: Kidney
disease
Labs to check Kidney function: Creatine & BUN
The time reuqired for ½ of a given drug to be
excreted from body.
LONG HL- DOSES NEED TO BE GIVEN FURTHER
Half Life APART TAKES MORE TIME TO READY STEADY
STATE
SHORT HL- DOSES NEED TO BE GIVEN CLOSER,
TAES LESS TIME TO REACH STEADY STATE
Physiologic state in which amount of drug
removed via eliminaiton is equal to amount of
Steady State drug absorbed with each dose. Takes around
FIVE half lives
Time required fro drug to elicit a therapeutic
Onset of action
response after dosingPea
Length of time the concentraiton of a drug in
Duration of Action blood/tissues is sufficient to elicit a response
Pharmodynamics The study of what the drug does to the body.
Desired or intended effect of a particular med
Therapeutic Effect
ication on patient health.
Pharmacodynamic targets Receptors and Enzymes or Non Selective targets
Agonist - Drug that binds to and STIMULATES
the activity of 1+ receptors
Receptors
Antagonist - Drug that binds to and BLOCKS the
activity of 1+ receptors in the body. (Inhibitors)
Short-term treatment for immediate relief of
Types of Drug Therapies: Acute
symptoms. Ex: Pain relief after surgery
With Verified Answers.
Pharmokietics Study of what the body does the drug
Movement from the Admin Site to the
Absorption
Bloodstream
Absorption 3 Primary Routes GI Tract, Parental, Topical
Bioacvailability Extent of drug absorpiton. IV has 100% Bio.
Will first pass through liver called First Pass.
Then Liver METABOLIZES the drug and
If drug is absorbed through GI Tract: remaining active ingriedents. This may reduce
the drug's effectiveness before it enters the
systemic circulation.
Prodrug Drug is inactive until metabolism makes it active
Which PO drugs AVOID first pass Buccal tablets
Enteral medication administration Swallowed, passing through GI tract
Parental administration Injected (IV,SQ, IM)
Topical administration Applies to skin, applied to nares, inhalers
Movement from blood stream to target cells
Distribution
also known as VOD.
Most common plasma protein Albumin
Considered pharmacologically inactivate and
Bound Drug
then turns into a predictable response
Considered pharmacologically active and then
Unbound drug turns to unpredictable response. Can lead to
toxicity
Transforms the drugs so it can be used by the
Metabolism body. LIVER is responsible for it.
, Liver diseases such as Cirrhosis.
Conditons that can alter metabolism
Labs to check: AST & ALT
Eliination of drug form body. Kidney is
Excretion: responsible. Conditions that can alter: Kidney
disease
Labs to check Kidney function: Creatine & BUN
The time reuqired for ½ of a given drug to be
excreted from body.
LONG HL- DOSES NEED TO BE GIVEN FURTHER
Half Life APART TAKES MORE TIME TO READY STEADY
STATE
SHORT HL- DOSES NEED TO BE GIVEN CLOSER,
TAES LESS TIME TO REACH STEADY STATE
Physiologic state in which amount of drug
removed via eliminaiton is equal to amount of
Steady State drug absorbed with each dose. Takes around
FIVE half lives
Time required fro drug to elicit a therapeutic
Onset of action
response after dosingPea
Length of time the concentraiton of a drug in
Duration of Action blood/tissues is sufficient to elicit a response
Pharmodynamics The study of what the drug does to the body.
Desired or intended effect of a particular med
Therapeutic Effect
ication on patient health.
Pharmacodynamic targets Receptors and Enzymes or Non Selective targets
Agonist - Drug that binds to and STIMULATES
the activity of 1+ receptors
Receptors
Antagonist - Drug that binds to and BLOCKS the
activity of 1+ receptors in the body. (Inhibitors)
Short-term treatment for immediate relief of
Types of Drug Therapies: Acute
symptoms. Ex: Pain relief after surgery
