MCPHS Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3 2026-2027
ACTUAL EXAM Newest 2026-2027 Complete 400
Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) Already Graded A+ Brand New Version!!
3 types of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: Skeletal - voluntary
Smooth - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system
Cardiac - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system
4 groups associated with rib cage - CORRECT ANSWER: Scalenes
External intercostals
Internal intercostals and transversus thoracic
Diaphragm
Abdominal wall muscles - CORRECT ANSWER: Muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column,
decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities
Aid in forced expiration
Crossing patten of muscle adds strength
Actin - CORRECT ANSWER: thin
2 strands of F actin form double helix extending length of myofilament; composed of G actin
monomer that has active site, bind myosin during contraction
Tropomyosin - elongated protein along the groove of F actin double helix - BLOCK binding site
G actin
Troponin - 3 subunits: bind actin, binds tropomyosin, bind calcium ions
Troponin/tropomyosin complex regulates interaction between active sites on G actin and myosin
,Action potential (all or none) - CORRECT ANSWER: Depolarization: inside plasma membrane
becomes less negative, sodium channels open, reaches threshold
Repolarization: return of resting membrane, becomes more negative than original for short
period of time
Propoage - spread from one location to another, new action potential at each successive location
Frequency: number of action potentials produced per unit of time
Aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: requires oxygen and breaks glucose into ATP,
carbon dioxide, and water, more efficient
Agonist - CORRECT ANSWER: muscle that, when contracts, causes an action
Anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: occur in absence of oxygen and results in
breakdown of glucose to ATP and lactic acid
Antagonist - CORRECT ANSWER: a muscle working in opposition to agonist
Anterior compartment of foot - CORRECT ANSWER: extensions involved in dorsiflexion and
eversion/inversion of foot; extension of toes. Dorsiflex foot, extend toes
anterior thigh muscles - CORRECT ANSWER: flex hip, iliacus and psoas major often referred to
as iliopsoas since share tendon insertion
Aponeurosis - CORRECT ANSWER: broad tendon
Arm movements - CORRECT ANSWER: Muscles that attach the arm to thorax: pectoralis
major, latissumus dorsi
Deltoid and pectoralis major both act as flexors and extensors of shoulder
Deltoid abducts and medially and laterally rotates the arm
,Rotator cuff muscles (group) move arm and hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Atrophy: - CORRECT ANSWER: decrease in muscle size
Belly - CORRECT ANSWER: largest portion of muscle, between insertion and head
cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: Only in heart
Striated
Each cell has 1 nucleus
Intercalated disks and gap junctions
Autorhythmic
Action potentials of longer curation and refractory period
Ca2+ regulated contraction
Circular - CORRECT ANSWER: fibers run in circular pattern; fascicles constrict/ shrink in
Class I - CORRECT ANSWER: fulcrum between force and weight, seesaw
Class II - CORRECT ANSWER: weight is between fulcrum and pull, wheelbarrow
Class III - CORRECT ANSWER: pull located between fulcrum and weight, person using a
shovel, most common
Convergent - CORRECT ANSWER: large origin and smaller insertion, triangular shape
Cross-bridge movement - CORRECT ANSWER: Bind, bend, release (ATP needed), reset (ATP
needed)
, deep thigh muscles - CORRECT ANSWER: thigh rotators, lateral adduction, medial abduction
diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER: responsible for normal, quiet breathing, flatten during
contraction and increases volume of thoracic cavity
Effects of aging on skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: start at age 30
Reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia - muscle atrophy), increase time for muscle to contract in
response to stimuli, reduced stamina, increased recovery time, loss of muscle fibers, decreased
density of capillaries in muscle
Can be combated with exercise
Endomysium - CORRECT ANSWER: loose CT separating individual muscle fibers within each
fasicle
Energy sources for muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER: Transfer of phosphate from
creatine kinase to ADP to from ATP
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Epimysium - CORRECT ANSWER: CT that surrounds whole muscle
Erector spine group - CORRECT ANSWER: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
makes up most of muscle mass in low back
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - CORRECT ANSWER: lag time between breathing
returns to normal, deficit is paid
Excitation-contraction coupling - CORRECT ANSWER: Link electric and mechanical
ACTUAL EXAM Newest 2026-2027 Complete 400
Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) Already Graded A+ Brand New Version!!
3 types of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: Skeletal - voluntary
Smooth - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system
Cardiac - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system
4 groups associated with rib cage - CORRECT ANSWER: Scalenes
External intercostals
Internal intercostals and transversus thoracic
Diaphragm
Abdominal wall muscles - CORRECT ANSWER: Muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column,
decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities
Aid in forced expiration
Crossing patten of muscle adds strength
Actin - CORRECT ANSWER: thin
2 strands of F actin form double helix extending length of myofilament; composed of G actin
monomer that has active site, bind myosin during contraction
Tropomyosin - elongated protein along the groove of F actin double helix - BLOCK binding site
G actin
Troponin - 3 subunits: bind actin, binds tropomyosin, bind calcium ions
Troponin/tropomyosin complex regulates interaction between active sites on G actin and myosin
,Action potential (all or none) - CORRECT ANSWER: Depolarization: inside plasma membrane
becomes less negative, sodium channels open, reaches threshold
Repolarization: return of resting membrane, becomes more negative than original for short
period of time
Propoage - spread from one location to another, new action potential at each successive location
Frequency: number of action potentials produced per unit of time
Aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: requires oxygen and breaks glucose into ATP,
carbon dioxide, and water, more efficient
Agonist - CORRECT ANSWER: muscle that, when contracts, causes an action
Anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: occur in absence of oxygen and results in
breakdown of glucose to ATP and lactic acid
Antagonist - CORRECT ANSWER: a muscle working in opposition to agonist
Anterior compartment of foot - CORRECT ANSWER: extensions involved in dorsiflexion and
eversion/inversion of foot; extension of toes. Dorsiflex foot, extend toes
anterior thigh muscles - CORRECT ANSWER: flex hip, iliacus and psoas major often referred to
as iliopsoas since share tendon insertion
Aponeurosis - CORRECT ANSWER: broad tendon
Arm movements - CORRECT ANSWER: Muscles that attach the arm to thorax: pectoralis
major, latissumus dorsi
Deltoid and pectoralis major both act as flexors and extensors of shoulder
Deltoid abducts and medially and laterally rotates the arm
,Rotator cuff muscles (group) move arm and hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Atrophy: - CORRECT ANSWER: decrease in muscle size
Belly - CORRECT ANSWER: largest portion of muscle, between insertion and head
cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: Only in heart
Striated
Each cell has 1 nucleus
Intercalated disks and gap junctions
Autorhythmic
Action potentials of longer curation and refractory period
Ca2+ regulated contraction
Circular - CORRECT ANSWER: fibers run in circular pattern; fascicles constrict/ shrink in
Class I - CORRECT ANSWER: fulcrum between force and weight, seesaw
Class II - CORRECT ANSWER: weight is between fulcrum and pull, wheelbarrow
Class III - CORRECT ANSWER: pull located between fulcrum and weight, person using a
shovel, most common
Convergent - CORRECT ANSWER: large origin and smaller insertion, triangular shape
Cross-bridge movement - CORRECT ANSWER: Bind, bend, release (ATP needed), reset (ATP
needed)
, deep thigh muscles - CORRECT ANSWER: thigh rotators, lateral adduction, medial abduction
diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER: responsible for normal, quiet breathing, flatten during
contraction and increases volume of thoracic cavity
Effects of aging on skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: start at age 30
Reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia - muscle atrophy), increase time for muscle to contract in
response to stimuli, reduced stamina, increased recovery time, loss of muscle fibers, decreased
density of capillaries in muscle
Can be combated with exercise
Endomysium - CORRECT ANSWER: loose CT separating individual muscle fibers within each
fasicle
Energy sources for muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER: Transfer of phosphate from
creatine kinase to ADP to from ATP
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Epimysium - CORRECT ANSWER: CT that surrounds whole muscle
Erector spine group - CORRECT ANSWER: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
makes up most of muscle mass in low back
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - CORRECT ANSWER: lag time between breathing
returns to normal, deficit is paid
Excitation-contraction coupling - CORRECT ANSWER: Link electric and mechanical
