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1. Epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human
population
2. Three Elements - Agent: actual cause of disease
of the Epidemio- - Host: carrier of disease
logical Triangle - Environment: any outside factors
3. Use of Epidemi- PERSON: "Who" factors, such as demographic characteristics, health, and disease
ology in Disease status
Control and Pre-
vention PLACE: "Where" factors, such as geographic (data) location, climate and environ-
mental conditions, and political and social environment
TIME: "When" factors, such as time of day, week, or month and secular trends over
months and years
4. Wheel Model of The wheel model stresses the multiplicity of host and environmental interactions
Epidemiology have developed and understanding of disease has progressed.
5.
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, NSG 3480 Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026(GRADED A+)
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Which is better The Wheel Model subscribes to multiple-causation disease theory; therefore, it is
the triangle or MORE USEFUL for analyzing complex chronic conditions and identifying factors
the wheel? that are amendable to nursing intervention.
6. Web of Causation In essence, the web of causation model is better at showing the relationships
Model among variables.
7. Incidence rates describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community
8. Prevalence rate is the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a
given point in time
9. Meaningful Com- The community nurse compares data with rates from other cities, counties, districts,
parisons or states; from the nation; and from previous records.
*SHOWS TRENDS*
10. Risk probability of an adverse event
11. Risk factor any action or condition that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other
negative outcome
12. Descriptive Epi- - Focuses on the amount and distribution of health and health problems within a
demiology population
- The purpose is to describe the characteristics of both people who are protected
from disease and those who have a disease.
13. Analytic Epidemi- investigates the causes of disease by determining why a disease rate is lower in
ology one population group than in another.
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