Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
TEST BANK
Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of
Respiratory Disease
Terry R. Des Jardins, George G. Burton
9th Edition
Page 1
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
Table of Contents
PART I: ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE
SECTION I: Bedside Diagnosis
1. The Patient Interview
2. The Physical Examination
3. The Pathophysiologic Basis for Common Clinical Manifestations
SECTION II: Clinical Data Obtained from Laboratory Tests and Special Procedures — Objective Findings
4. Pulmonary Function Testing
5. Blood Gas Assessment
6. Assessment of Oxygenation
7. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System
8. Radiologic Examination of the Chest
9. Other Important Tests and Procedures
SECTION III: The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program — The Essentials
10. The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program
11. Respiratory Failure and Ventilatory Management Protocols
12. Recording Skills and Intra-Professional Communication
PART II: OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
13. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema
14. Asthma
15. Cystic Fibrosis
16. Bronchiectasis
PART III: LOSS OF ALVEOLAR VOLUME
17. Atelectasis
PART IV: INFECTIOUS PULMONARY DISEASE
18. Pneumonia, Lung Abscess Formation, and Important Fungal Diseases
19. Tuberculosis
PART V: PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE
20. Pulmonary Edema
21. Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension
PART VI: CHEST AND PLEURAL TRAUMA
22. Flail Chest
23. Pneumothorax
PART VII: DISORDERS OF THE PLEURA AND THE CHEST WALL
24. Pleural Effusion and Empyema
25. Kyphoscoliosis
PART VIII: LUNG CANCER
26. Cancer of the Lung
PART IX: ENVIRONMENTAL LUNG DISEASES
27. Interstitial Lung Diseases
PART X: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR DISEASE
28. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Page 2
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
PART XI: NEURO-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
29. Guillain-Barre Syndrome
30. Myasthenia Gravis
31. Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Care of Patients with Neuromuscular Disease
PART XII: SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS
32. Sleep Apnea
PART XIII: NEWBORN AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARDIOPULMONARY DISORDERS
33. Newborn Assessment and Management
34. Pediatric Assessment and Management
35. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
36. Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
37. Respiratory Distress Syndrome
38. Pulmonary Air Leak Syndromes
39. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (Bronchiolitis)
40. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
41. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
42. Congenital Heart Diseases
43. Croup and Croup-like Syndromes: Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Acute Epiglottitis
PART XIV: OTHER IMPORTANT TOPICS
44. Near Drowning/Wet Drowning
45. Smoke Inhalation, Thermal Lung Injuries, and Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Page 3
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
Chapter 01: The Patient Interview
Des Jardins: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease,
8th Edition
M U LT I P L E C H O I C E
1. The respiratory care practitioner is conducting a patient interview. The main purpose of this
interview is to:
a. review data with the patient.
b. gather subjective data from the patient.
c. gather objective data from the patient.
d. fill out the history form or checklist.
ANS: B
The interview is a meeting between the respiratory care practitioner and the patient. It allows the
collection of subjective data about the patient’s feelings regarding his/her
condition. The history should be done before the interview. Although data can be reviewed,
that is not the primary purpose of the interview.
2. For there to be a successful interview, the respiratory therapist must:
a. provide leading questions to guide the patient.
b. reassure the patient.
c. be an active listener.
d. use medical terminology to show knowledge of the subject matter.
ANS: C
The personal qualities that a respiratory therapist must have to conduct a successful interview include
being an active listener, having a genuine concern for the patient, and having empathy. Leading
questions must be avoided. Reassurance may provide a false sense of comfort to the patient. Medical
jargon can sound exclusionary and paternalistic to a patient.
3. Which of the following would be found on a history form?
1. Age
2. Chief complaint
3. Present health
4. Family history
5. Health insurance provider
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 3, 4, 5
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
ANS: D
Age, chief complaint, present health, and family history are typically found on a health history
form because each can impact the patient’s health. Health insurance provider information, while
needed for billing purposes, would not be found on the history form.
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
4. External factors the respiratory care practitioner should make efforts to provide during an
interview include which of the following?
1. Minimize or prevent interruptions.
2. Ensure privacy during discussions.
3. Interviewer is the same sex as the patient to prevent bias.
4. Be comfortable for the patient and interviewer.
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 1, 2, 4
d. 2, 3, 4
ANS: C
External factors, such as a good physical setting, enhance the interviewing process. Regardless of the
interview setting (the patient’s bedside, a crowded emergency room, an office in the hospital or clinic,
or the patient’s home), efforts should be made to (1) ensure privacy, (2) prevent interruptions, and (3)
secure a comfortable physical environment (e.g., comfortable room temperature, sufficient lighting,
absence of noise). An interviewer of either gender, who acts professionally, should be able to
interview a patient of either gender.
5. The respiratory therapist is conducting a patient interview. The therapist chooses to use
open-ended questions. Open-ended questions allow the therapist to do which of the
following?
1. Gather information when a patient introduces a new topic.
2. Introduce a new subject area.
3. Begin the interview process.
4. Gather specific information.
a. 4
b. 1, 3
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 2, 3, 4
ANS: C
An open-ended question should be used to start the interview, introduce a new section of questions,
and gather more information from a patient’s topic. Closed or direct questions are used to gather
specific information.
6. The direct question interview format is used to:
1. speed up the interview.
2. let the patient fully explain his/her situation.
3. help the respiratory therapist show empathy.
4. gather specific information.
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3
ANS: A
Direct or closed questions are best to gather specific information and speed up the interview. Open-
ended questions are best suited to let the patient fully explain his/her situation and possibly help the
respiratory therapist show empathy.
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
7. During the interview the patient states, “Every time I climb the stairs I have to stop to catch
my breath.” Hearing this, the respiratory therapist replies, “So, it sounds like you get short
of breath climbing stairs.” This interviewing technique is called:
a. clarification.
b. modeling.
c. empathy.
d. reflection.
ANS: D
With reflection, part of the patient’s statement is repeated. This lets the patient know that what
he/she said was heard. It also encourages the patient to elaborate on the topic.
Clarification, modeling, and empathy are other communication techniques.
8. The respiratory therapist may choose to use the patient interview technique of silence
in which of the following situations?
a. To prompt the patient to ask a question
b. After a direct question
c. After an open-ended question
d. To allow the patient to review his/her history
ANS: C
After a patient has answered an open-ended question, the respiratory therapist should pause (use
silence) before asking the next question. This pause allows the patient to add something else before
moving on. The patient may also choose to ask a question.
9. To have the most productive interviewing session, which of the following types of responses
to assist in the interview shou ld t he r esp iratory t herapist avoid?
a. Confrontation
b. Reflection
c. Facilitation
d. Distancing
ANS: D
With confrontation, the respiratory therapist focuses the patient’s attention on an action, feeling, or
statement made by the patient. This may prompt a further discussion. Reflection helps the patient
focus on specific areas and continues in his/her own way. Facilitation encourages patients to say
more, to continue with the story. The respiratory therapist should avoid giving advice, using
avoidance language, and using distancing language.
10. When closing the interview, the respiratory therapist should do which of the following?
1. Recheck the patient’s vital signs.
2. Thank the patient.
3. Ask if the patient has any questions.
4. Close the door behind himself/herself for patient privacy.
a. 2
b. 2, 3
c. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 4
ANS: B
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
To end the interview on a positive note, the respiratory therapist should thank the patient and ask if
the patient has any questions. If there is no need for the vital signs to be checked, they should not be.
The door may be left open or closed, depending on the situation.
11. The respiratory therapist should be aware of a patient’s culture and religious beliefs for
which of the following reasons?
a. To be able to engage in a meaningful conversation
b. To change any misguided notions the patient has that may impact his/her health
c. To explain to the patient how these beliefs will lead to discrimination and
stereotyping
d. To better understand how the patient’s beliefs may impact how the patient thinks
and behaves
ANS: D
Culture and religious beliefs may have a profound effect on how patients think and behave, and this
may impact their health or health care decisions. The role of the respiratory
therapist is not to change the patient’s beliefs, engage in sensitive conversations, or discuss
discrimination. Rather, the respiratory therapist needs to understand how these beliefs may impact
the patient’s health care decisions.
12. Which of the following are the most important components of a successful interview?
a. Communication and understanding
b. Authority and the use of medical terminology
c. Providing assurance and giving advice
d. Asking leading questions and anticipating patient responses to questions
ANS: A
Communication and understanding are the basis for a good patient interview. Authority, the use of
medical jargon, providing assurance, giving advice, asking leading questions, and anticipating are all
types of nonproductive communication forms and create barriers to patient communication.
13. The respiratory therapist is conducting a patient interview and recording responses in the
patient’s electronic health record. The respiratory therapist should take which of the
following into account regarding the use of the computer to record responses?
a. The therapist’s attention may be shifted from the patient to the computer.
b. The patient will feel more important than if the information is recorded on paper.
c. The therapist will be less likely to make spelling errors if using a spell-check
program.
d. The environment will be more professional and the patient will be more likely to
open up if the interview is conducted with paper.
ANS: A
The therapist’s use of the computer can be threatening and may, in some cases, be a potential hazard
to good patient communication. The patient can be intimidated to the point of “shutting down.” In
addition, the therapist who has to shift focus from the patient to the computer can miss important
verbal and nonverbal messages.
TEST BANK
Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of
Respiratory Disease
Terry R. Des Jardins, George G. Burton
9th Edition
Page 1
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
Table of Contents
PART I: ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE
SECTION I: Bedside Diagnosis
1. The Patient Interview
2. The Physical Examination
3. The Pathophysiologic Basis for Common Clinical Manifestations
SECTION II: Clinical Data Obtained from Laboratory Tests and Special Procedures — Objective Findings
4. Pulmonary Function Testing
5. Blood Gas Assessment
6. Assessment of Oxygenation
7. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System
8. Radiologic Examination of the Chest
9. Other Important Tests and Procedures
SECTION III: The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program — The Essentials
10. The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program
11. Respiratory Failure and Ventilatory Management Protocols
12. Recording Skills and Intra-Professional Communication
PART II: OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
13. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema
14. Asthma
15. Cystic Fibrosis
16. Bronchiectasis
PART III: LOSS OF ALVEOLAR VOLUME
17. Atelectasis
PART IV: INFECTIOUS PULMONARY DISEASE
18. Pneumonia, Lung Abscess Formation, and Important Fungal Diseases
19. Tuberculosis
PART V: PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE
20. Pulmonary Edema
21. Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension
PART VI: CHEST AND PLEURAL TRAUMA
22. Flail Chest
23. Pneumothorax
PART VII: DISORDERS OF THE PLEURA AND THE CHEST WALL
24. Pleural Effusion and Empyema
25. Kyphoscoliosis
PART VIII: LUNG CANCER
26. Cancer of the Lung
PART IX: ENVIRONMENTAL LUNG DISEASES
27. Interstitial Lung Diseases
PART X: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR DISEASE
28. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Page 2
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
PART XI: NEURO-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
29. Guillain-Barre Syndrome
30. Myasthenia Gravis
31. Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Care of Patients with Neuromuscular Disease
PART XII: SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS
32. Sleep Apnea
PART XIII: NEWBORN AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARDIOPULMONARY DISORDERS
33. Newborn Assessment and Management
34. Pediatric Assessment and Management
35. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
36. Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
37. Respiratory Distress Syndrome
38. Pulmonary Air Leak Syndromes
39. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (Bronchiolitis)
40. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
41. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
42. Congenital Heart Diseases
43. Croup and Croup-like Syndromes: Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Acute Epiglottitis
PART XIV: OTHER IMPORTANT TOPICS
44. Near Drowning/Wet Drowning
45. Smoke Inhalation, Thermal Lung Injuries, and Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Page 3
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
Chapter 01: The Patient Interview
Des Jardins: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease,
8th Edition
M U LT I P L E C H O I C E
1. The respiratory care practitioner is conducting a patient interview. The main purpose of this
interview is to:
a. review data with the patient.
b. gather subjective data from the patient.
c. gather objective data from the patient.
d. fill out the history form or checklist.
ANS: B
The interview is a meeting between the respiratory care practitioner and the patient. It allows the
collection of subjective data about the patient’s feelings regarding his/her
condition. The history should be done before the interview. Although data can be reviewed,
that is not the primary purpose of the interview.
2. For there to be a successful interview, the respiratory therapist must:
a. provide leading questions to guide the patient.
b. reassure the patient.
c. be an active listener.
d. use medical terminology to show knowledge of the subject matter.
ANS: C
The personal qualities that a respiratory therapist must have to conduct a successful interview include
being an active listener, having a genuine concern for the patient, and having empathy. Leading
questions must be avoided. Reassurance may provide a false sense of comfort to the patient. Medical
jargon can sound exclusionary and paternalistic to a patient.
3. Which of the following would be found on a history form?
1. Age
2. Chief complaint
3. Present health
4. Family history
5. Health insurance provider
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 3, 4, 5
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
ANS: D
Age, chief complaint, present health, and family history are typically found on a health history
form because each can impact the patient’s health. Health insurance provider information, while
needed for billing purposes, would not be found on the history form.
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
4. External factors the respiratory care practitioner should make efforts to provide during an
interview include which of the following?
1. Minimize or prevent interruptions.
2. Ensure privacy during discussions.
3. Interviewer is the same sex as the patient to prevent bias.
4. Be comfortable for the patient and interviewer.
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 1, 2, 4
d. 2, 3, 4
ANS: C
External factors, such as a good physical setting, enhance the interviewing process. Regardless of the
interview setting (the patient’s bedside, a crowded emergency room, an office in the hospital or clinic,
or the patient’s home), efforts should be made to (1) ensure privacy, (2) prevent interruptions, and (3)
secure a comfortable physical environment (e.g., comfortable room temperature, sufficient lighting,
absence of noise). An interviewer of either gender, who acts professionally, should be able to
interview a patient of either gender.
5. The respiratory therapist is conducting a patient interview. The therapist chooses to use
open-ended questions. Open-ended questions allow the therapist to do which of the
following?
1. Gather information when a patient introduces a new topic.
2. Introduce a new subject area.
3. Begin the interview process.
4. Gather specific information.
a. 4
b. 1, 3
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 2, 3, 4
ANS: C
An open-ended question should be used to start the interview, introduce a new section of questions,
and gather more information from a patient’s topic. Closed or direct questions are used to gather
specific information.
6. The direct question interview format is used to:
1. speed up the interview.
2. let the patient fully explain his/her situation.
3. help the respiratory therapist show empathy.
4. gather specific information.
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3
ANS: A
Direct or closed questions are best to gather specific information and speed up the interview. Open-
ended questions are best suited to let the patient fully explain his/her situation and possibly help the
respiratory therapist show empathy.
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
7. During the interview the patient states, “Every time I climb the stairs I have to stop to catch
my breath.” Hearing this, the respiratory therapist replies, “So, it sounds like you get short
of breath climbing stairs.” This interviewing technique is called:
a. clarification.
b. modeling.
c. empathy.
d. reflection.
ANS: D
With reflection, part of the patient’s statement is repeated. This lets the patient know that what
he/she said was heard. It also encourages the patient to elaborate on the topic.
Clarification, modeling, and empathy are other communication techniques.
8. The respiratory therapist may choose to use the patient interview technique of silence
in which of the following situations?
a. To prompt the patient to ask a question
b. After a direct question
c. After an open-ended question
d. To allow the patient to review his/her history
ANS: C
After a patient has answered an open-ended question, the respiratory therapist should pause (use
silence) before asking the next question. This pause allows the patient to add something else before
moving on. The patient may also choose to ask a question.
9. To have the most productive interviewing session, which of the following types of responses
to assist in the interview shou ld t he r esp iratory t herapist avoid?
a. Confrontation
b. Reflection
c. Facilitation
d. Distancing
ANS: D
With confrontation, the respiratory therapist focuses the patient’s attention on an action, feeling, or
statement made by the patient. This may prompt a further discussion. Reflection helps the patient
focus on specific areas and continues in his/her own way. Facilitation encourages patients to say
more, to continue with the story. The respiratory therapist should avoid giving advice, using
avoidance language, and using distancing language.
10. When closing the interview, the respiratory therapist should do which of the following?
1. Recheck the patient’s vital signs.
2. Thank the patient.
3. Ask if the patient has any questions.
4. Close the door behind himself/herself for patient privacy.
a. 2
b. 2, 3
c. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 4
ANS: B
, Test Bank - Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease 9th Edition (Des Jardins, 2024)
To end the interview on a positive note, the respiratory therapist should thank the patient and ask if
the patient has any questions. If there is no need for the vital signs to be checked, they should not be.
The door may be left open or closed, depending on the situation.
11. The respiratory therapist should be aware of a patient’s culture and religious beliefs for
which of the following reasons?
a. To be able to engage in a meaningful conversation
b. To change any misguided notions the patient has that may impact his/her health
c. To explain to the patient how these beliefs will lead to discrimination and
stereotyping
d. To better understand how the patient’s beliefs may impact how the patient thinks
and behaves
ANS: D
Culture and religious beliefs may have a profound effect on how patients think and behave, and this
may impact their health or health care decisions. The role of the respiratory
therapist is not to change the patient’s beliefs, engage in sensitive conversations, or discuss
discrimination. Rather, the respiratory therapist needs to understand how these beliefs may impact
the patient’s health care decisions.
12. Which of the following are the most important components of a successful interview?
a. Communication and understanding
b. Authority and the use of medical terminology
c. Providing assurance and giving advice
d. Asking leading questions and anticipating patient responses to questions
ANS: A
Communication and understanding are the basis for a good patient interview. Authority, the use of
medical jargon, providing assurance, giving advice, asking leading questions, and anticipating are all
types of nonproductive communication forms and create barriers to patient communication.
13. The respiratory therapist is conducting a patient interview and recording responses in the
patient’s electronic health record. The respiratory therapist should take which of the
following into account regarding the use of the computer to record responses?
a. The therapist’s attention may be shifted from the patient to the computer.
b. The patient will feel more important than if the information is recorded on paper.
c. The therapist will be less likely to make spelling errors if using a spell-check
program.
d. The environment will be more professional and the patient will be more likely to
open up if the interview is conducted with paper.
ANS: A
The therapist’s use of the computer can be threatening and may, in some cases, be a potential hazard
to good patient communication. The patient can be intimidated to the point of “shutting down.” In
addition, the therapist who has to shift focus from the patient to the computer can miss important
verbal and nonverbal messages.
