PART I | 2026 UPDATED STUDY GUIDE
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RATIONALES
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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,Inhaled air travels from the trachea into what structure? the right & left bronchial tubes
When the left ventricle contracts, blood flows through Aorta
the what?
The mitral and aortic valves are on which side? Left side
Name the four valves in the heart 1) Aortic
2) Pulmonary
3) Bicuspid
4)Bicuspid (aka mitrial valve)
Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs into the left? Atrium
The respiratory process begins when air is inhaled Trachea
through the nose and into the what?
What does the respiratory system supply to the tissues of Oxygenated blood
the body?
The tricuspid and pulmonary valves are both on what The right side
side of the heart?
when the right ventricle contracts blood flows into the the lungs.
Pulmonary artery and the into where?
What is Cell Theory? 1) All cells arise from preexisting cells.
2) Cells can carry out the processes of life.
3) Organisms are made of cells that function together.
The end products of photosynthesis are? Oxygen & Glucose
The process of cytoplasm division during plant cell Cytokinesis
replication is known as?
What principle is this? "An object immersed in a fluid is Archimede's Principle
buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object."
Hardening of the arteries is known as? Arteriosclerosis
Cholesterol known as LDL means? Low Density Lipoproteins
, What does Lock & Key model mean? A model for enzyme actions
what formula indicates the ideal as law? PV=RnT
Receiving a vaccine against a disease, what type of Active.
immunity is this considered?
An alternate form of a gene is called? allele
What is an allele? An allele is one of two or more forms of a gene or a genetic locus. If an organism
has two sets, they are diploid.
The study of the structure of organs and body systems is Anatomy
called?
What is an atom with a negative charge? anion (- ion)
What is an atom with a positive charge? cation (+ ion)
what carries blood away from the heart? arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the? Capillaries
What are veins? carries blood from the capillaries back to the heart (02 poor)
What are arteries? Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
What are capillaries? Capillaries are the exchange vessels. They are microscopic and have only one
wall—tunica intima—allowing substances to pass through quickly.
What is an atom? An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still remains the properties of an
element.
what is an atomic mass number? Equals the total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of a
atom.
What is an atomic number? the number of protons/electrons that an element has (ex. Carbon's number is 6: it
has six protons; it has six electrons.)
What is an autotroph? An organism that makes its own food.
What is are vacuoles? "containers" or holding units in animal cells for water and organic substances.