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1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which laboratory value should
the nurse monitor closely?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes potassium loss through the
kidneys. Hypokalemia can lead to dysrhythmias and muscle weakness, making
potassium the priority electrolyte to monitor.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing chest pain. What is the priority action?
A. Obtain a 12-lead ECG
B. Administer oxygen
C. Give sublingual nitroglycerin
D. Draw cardiac enzymes
Answer: B. Oxygen
Rationale: Airway and oxygenation are priority. Oxygen should be administered first to
improve myocardial oxygen supply before further diagnostics or medications.
3. Which finding indicates hypoglycemia?
,A. Fruity breath odor
B. Slow deep respirations
C. Sweating and tremors
D. Dry skin
Answer: C. Sweating and tremors
Rationale: Hypoglycemia activates the sympathetic nervous system causing
diaphoresis, tremors, anxiety, and tachycardia.
4. A patient is receiving warfarin therapy. Which lab result indicates therapeutic effect?
A. aPTT 60 seconds
B. INR 2.5
C. Platelets 150,000
D. Hemoglobin 10 g/dL
Answer: B. INR 2.5
Rationale: The therapeutic INR range for warfarin is typically 2.0–3.0 depending on
indication.
5. What is the priority nursing action for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
A. Administer diphenhydramine
B. Start IV fluids
C. Administer epinephrine
D. Apply oxygen
Answer: C. Administer epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment because it reverses bronchoconstriction
and vasodilation.
,6. Which position improves breathing in a patient with COPD?
A. Supine
B. Trendelenburg
C. High Fowler’s
D. Lithotomy
Answer: C. High Fowler’s
Rationale: Upright positioning maximizes lung expansion and reduces work of
breathing.
7. A nurse suspects stroke in a patient. What is the priority assessment tool?
A. Glasgow Coma Scale
B. APGAR score
C. NIH Stroke Scale
D. Braden scale
Answer: C. NIH Stroke Scale
Rationale: The NIH Stroke Scale evaluates neurological deficits specific to stroke
severity.
8. Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with tetany?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Low calcium increases neuromuscular excitability leading to tetany and
muscle spasms.
, 9. A postoperative patient suddenly develops shortness of breath and chest pain. What
should the nurse suspect?
A. Atelectasis
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Pneumonia
D. Anxiety
Answer: B. Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: Sudden dyspnea and chest pain post-op strongly suggest PE, a medical
emergency.
10. Which medication is used to treat opioid overdose?
A. Naloxone
B. Flumazenil
C. Atropine
D. Protamine sulfate
Answer: A. Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression.
11. A patient with diabetes has a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL. What is the first action?
A. Give insulin
B. Provide 15g fast-acting carbohydrates
C. Call provider
D. Start IV fluids
Answer: B. Provide 15g fast-acting carbohydrates
Rationale: Immediate glucose replacement is required to prevent neurological damage.