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What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? -ANSWERS-Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? -ANSWERS-Aging results in decreased
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? -ANSWERS-Weight/dose
calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? -ANSWERS-Pediatric patients
have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM absorption, and
thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? -ANSWERS-
Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased blood-
brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? -ANSWERS-Pediatric
patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may have increased
metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric patients? -
ANSWERS-Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug
excretion.
, What are the pregnancy categories for medications? -ANSWERS-Category A: No risk to
humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to animal fetus;
Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities reported, DO NOT
GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? -ANSWERS-
Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? -ANSWERS-Right drug, right
dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? -ANSWERS-Ensure client
safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and
do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? -ANSWERS-
Identify the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? -ANSWERS-Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers:
Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon; Opioid
Drugs: Naloxone.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? -ANSWERS-Elderly patients
experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? -ANSWERS-
Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in elderly
patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? -ANSWERS-Aging leads to
decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.