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A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client experiencing chest pain.
Which action should the nurse perform first?
A. Obtain a detailed health history
B. Administer prescribed nitroglycerin
C. Place the client on a cardiac monitor
D. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation
Answer: D. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation
Rationale: The priority in emergency nursing is always assessment of airway, breathing,
and circulation (ABCs). A client with chest pain may rapidly deteriorate due to cardiac or
respiratory compromise. Once the client is stabilized, the nurse can continue additional
assessments and interventions such as cardiac monitoring and medication
administration.
A client arrives at the emergency department with signs of hypovolemic shock following
severe bleeding. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia and warm skin
B. Hypotension and tachycardia
C. Bounding pulses and hypertension
D. Decreased respiratory rate
Answer: B. Hypotension and tachycardia
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is significant fluid or blood loss. The
body compensates by increasing heart rate to maintain cardiac output. Blood pressure
decreases as circulating volume drops. Cool, clammy skin and rapid respirations are
also common findings.
,A nurse is caring for a client with suspected stroke symptoms that began 30 minutes
ago. Which action is the priority?
A. Administer aspirin immediately
B. Obtain a CT scan of the head
C. Encourage oral fluids
D. Place the client in Trendelenburg position
Answer: B. Obtain a CT scan of the head
Rationale: A rapid CT scan is essential to determine whether the stroke is ischemic or
hemorrhagic. This guides treatment decisions such as thrombolytic therapy. Aspirin is
contraindicated in hemorrhagic stroke, making imaging the priority before medication
administration.
A client presents with severe shortness of breath and wheezing. Which medication
should the nurse anticipate administering first for an acute asthma attack?
A. Oral corticosteroids
B. Long-acting bronchodilator
C. Short-acting beta agonist
D. Leukotriene inhibitor
Answer: C. Short-acting beta agonist
Rationale: Short-acting beta agonists such as albuterol provide rapid bronchodilation
and are first-line therapy for acute asthma exacerbations. Other medications may be
used later for long-term management but do not act quickly enough during an
emergency.
A nurse is triaging clients in the emergency department. Which client should be seen
first?
A. Client with a minor ankle sprain
,B. Client with chest pain and diaphoresis
C. Client requesting a medication refill
D. Client with a sore throat for three days
Answer: B. Client with chest pain and diaphoresis
Rationale: Chest pain accompanied by diaphoresis may indicate myocardial infarction
and requires immediate evaluation. Emergency department triage prioritizes life-
threatening conditions over stable, nonurgent complaints.
A client with burns over 40% of the body is at greatest risk for which complication during
the initial phase of injury?
A. Hypervolemia
B. Infection
C. Fluid volume deficit
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C. Fluid volume deficit
Rationale: Massive fluid shifts occur after severe burns due to increased capillary
permeability. This causes hypovolemia and shock during the emergent phase.
Aggressive fluid resuscitation is essential to maintain perfusion and organ function.
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing anaphylaxis after exposure to peanuts. Which
medication should be administered first?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Epinephrine
C. Prednisone
D. Albuterol
Answer: B. Epinephrine
, Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it rapidly
reverses airway swelling, bronchoconstriction, and hypotension. Delayed administration
significantly increases mortality risk.
Which finding indicates that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is effective?
A. Fixed pupils
B. Absence of pulse
C. End-tidal CO₂ greater than 10 mm Hg
D. Cyanotic skin color
Answer: C. End-tidal CO₂ greater than 10 mm Hg
Rationale: Effective chest compressions produce measurable circulation, reflected by
end-tidal CO₂ levels above 10 mm Hg. Higher values indicate improved perfusion during
CPR.
A client involved in a motor vehicle collision has unequal pupils and decreasing level of
consciousness. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Increased intracranial pressure
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Pulmonary edema
Answer: B. Increased intracranial pressure
Rationale: Unequal pupils and declining neurological status are classic signs of
increased intracranial pressure or brain herniation following traumatic injury. Immediate
neurological intervention is necessary.