HPR 205 ACTUAL TEST BANK UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED RESPONSES
●● What is the primary focus of the medical model of health?
Answer: The absence of disease and a pathogenic focus on finding
biological causes for illness.
●● How does the social model of health differ from the medical model?
Answer: It views health as a product of social, biological, and
environmental factors and emphasizes prevention and community-based
self-help.
●● What is the 'salutogenic' focus in the social model of health?
Answer: It emphasizes understanding the factors that keep people
healthy rather than just focusing on illness.
●● What are the four components of health in the holistic Medicine
Wheel model?
Answer: Physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional.
●● What is the core requirement for health according to the Medicine
Wheel?
,Answer: All four components (physical, mental, spiritual, emotional)
must be equally developed and in balance.
●● What are the four ways of thinking about health that the unified
model attempts to reconcile?
Answer: An ideal state, mental and physical fitness, a commodity, and
personal strength.
●● What is a major critique of Seedhouse's unified model of health?
Answer: It focuses too heavily on individual determinants while
ignoring vital social determinants.
●● What is the central task for health promoters regarding socio-
economic factors?
Answer: To acknowledge them as crucial in determining individual and
population health.
●● Why is it necessary to measure health outcomes in health promotion?
Answer: To assess if interventions have effectively addressed the health
status of the target community or population.
●● List the five ways differences in social determinants lead to
differential health outcomes.
,Answer: Behaviour or lifestyle, the life course, psychosocial factors,
material conditions, and access to health care services.
●● What are the four levels of determinants of health depicted in the
concentric half-circle model?
Answer: General socio-economic/cultural/environmental conditions,
living and working conditions, social and community networks, and
individual lifestyle factors (plus age, sex, and heredity).
●● In the concentric model of health determinants, which factors are
considered most important?
Answer: The factors furthest away from the individual, specifically the
general socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions.
●● How does income level influence health outcomes?
Answer: Higher income provides better access to clean water, food, and
medical services, and reduces stress and anxiety.
●● What are some physical housing factors that negatively impact
health?
Answer: Inadequate heating/cooling, dampness, overcrowding, poor
build quality, environmental toxins, and proximity to pollution sources.
●● How does employment affect health beyond providing income?
, Answer: It affects self-esteem and exposes individuals to hazardous
substances, stress, and specific occupational norms.
●● What are the characteristics of occupations that negatively affect
health?
Answer: High demands, low control over work decisions, and low social
support.
●● Define 'sex' in the context of health studies.
Answer: The categorization of people as male or female based on
biological characteristics at birth or gestation.
●● Define 'gender' in the context of health studies.
Answer: A social categorization that assigns people as women or men,
which may or may not correspond to their biological sex.
●● Why do statistics often show that women are 'healthier' than men?
Answer: Women are more likely to report illnesses, visit doctors, engage
in healthy behaviors, and avoid unhealthy ones.
●● What is the difference between a medical model intervention and a
social model intervention regarding HIV?
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED RESPONSES
●● What is the primary focus of the medical model of health?
Answer: The absence of disease and a pathogenic focus on finding
biological causes for illness.
●● How does the social model of health differ from the medical model?
Answer: It views health as a product of social, biological, and
environmental factors and emphasizes prevention and community-based
self-help.
●● What is the 'salutogenic' focus in the social model of health?
Answer: It emphasizes understanding the factors that keep people
healthy rather than just focusing on illness.
●● What are the four components of health in the holistic Medicine
Wheel model?
Answer: Physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional.
●● What is the core requirement for health according to the Medicine
Wheel?
,Answer: All four components (physical, mental, spiritual, emotional)
must be equally developed and in balance.
●● What are the four ways of thinking about health that the unified
model attempts to reconcile?
Answer: An ideal state, mental and physical fitness, a commodity, and
personal strength.
●● What is a major critique of Seedhouse's unified model of health?
Answer: It focuses too heavily on individual determinants while
ignoring vital social determinants.
●● What is the central task for health promoters regarding socio-
economic factors?
Answer: To acknowledge them as crucial in determining individual and
population health.
●● Why is it necessary to measure health outcomes in health promotion?
Answer: To assess if interventions have effectively addressed the health
status of the target community or population.
●● List the five ways differences in social determinants lead to
differential health outcomes.
,Answer: Behaviour or lifestyle, the life course, psychosocial factors,
material conditions, and access to health care services.
●● What are the four levels of determinants of health depicted in the
concentric half-circle model?
Answer: General socio-economic/cultural/environmental conditions,
living and working conditions, social and community networks, and
individual lifestyle factors (plus age, sex, and heredity).
●● In the concentric model of health determinants, which factors are
considered most important?
Answer: The factors furthest away from the individual, specifically the
general socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions.
●● How does income level influence health outcomes?
Answer: Higher income provides better access to clean water, food, and
medical services, and reduces stress and anxiety.
●● What are some physical housing factors that negatively impact
health?
Answer: Inadequate heating/cooling, dampness, overcrowding, poor
build quality, environmental toxins, and proximity to pollution sources.
●● How does employment affect health beyond providing income?
, Answer: It affects self-esteem and exposes individuals to hazardous
substances, stress, and specific occupational norms.
●● What are the characteristics of occupations that negatively affect
health?
Answer: High demands, low control over work decisions, and low social
support.
●● Define 'sex' in the context of health studies.
Answer: The categorization of people as male or female based on
biological characteristics at birth or gestation.
●● Define 'gender' in the context of health studies.
Answer: A social categorization that assigns people as women or men,
which may or may not correspond to their biological sex.
●● Why do statistics often show that women are 'healthier' than men?
Answer: Women are more likely to report illnesses, visit doctors, engage
in healthy behaviors, and avoid unhealthy ones.
●● What is the difference between a medical model intervention and a
social model intervention regarding HIV?
