CCEA Biology A2 – Unit 1 – Study Guide & Practice Questions
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔the maintenance of constant conditions within the body
Excretion - correct answer ✔✔is the removal of the toxic waste from metabolism
Urea - correct answer ✔✔a nitrogenous waste produced during the breakdown of excess amino
acids in the liver
Osmoregulation - correct answer ✔✔the control of water potential of body fluids; helped by
the kidneys
Cortex - correct answer ✔✔the outer dark region in the kidney
Medulla - correct answer ✔✔the inner lighter region in the kidney; subdivided into pyramids
Pelvis - correct answer ✔✔large central cavity in the kidney
Nephron - correct answer ✔✔the functional unit in the kidney which operates as a filter. Starts
in the cortex and extends into the medulla
Ultrafiltration - correct answer ✔✔the filtration of plasma and small substances into the
Bowman's Capsule from the Glomerulus
Reabsorption - correct answer ✔✔the filtered useful products are reabsorbed into the blood
stream from the nephron; occurs in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule
, Hypotonic Solution - correct answer ✔✔a solution with a lower concentration of solutes
compared to another
Hypertonic Solution - correct answer ✔✔a solution with a higher solute concentration
compared with another
Isotonic Solution - correct answer ✔✔a solution that has the same tonicity compared with
another
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - correct answer ✔✔produced in the hypothalamus and is stored
in the posterior lobe of the pituitary body. Controls how much water is reabsorbed into the
body
Non-Specific Immunity - correct answer ✔✔defence mechanisms not specific to any individual
pathogens e.g phagocytosis
Specific Immunity - correct answer ✔✔response which does distinguish between individual
pathogens. Will take longer to work but tends to provide long-term immunity e.g lymphocytes
Natural Barriers - correct answer ✔✔skin/tears/mucus/stomach acid
Phagocytosis - correct answer ✔✔includes polymorphs and macrophages. Bacteria is engulfed
B-lymphocytes - correct answer ✔✔matured in the bone marrow. Antibody-mediated
immunity- produces antibodies in response to antigens found in body fluids
T-lymphocytes - correct answer ✔✔matured in the thymus gland. Cell-mediated immunity-
response to antigens attached to cells, usually respond to viral infection
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔the maintenance of constant conditions within the body
Excretion - correct answer ✔✔is the removal of the toxic waste from metabolism
Urea - correct answer ✔✔a nitrogenous waste produced during the breakdown of excess amino
acids in the liver
Osmoregulation - correct answer ✔✔the control of water potential of body fluids; helped by
the kidneys
Cortex - correct answer ✔✔the outer dark region in the kidney
Medulla - correct answer ✔✔the inner lighter region in the kidney; subdivided into pyramids
Pelvis - correct answer ✔✔large central cavity in the kidney
Nephron - correct answer ✔✔the functional unit in the kidney which operates as a filter. Starts
in the cortex and extends into the medulla
Ultrafiltration - correct answer ✔✔the filtration of plasma and small substances into the
Bowman's Capsule from the Glomerulus
Reabsorption - correct answer ✔✔the filtered useful products are reabsorbed into the blood
stream from the nephron; occurs in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule
, Hypotonic Solution - correct answer ✔✔a solution with a lower concentration of solutes
compared to another
Hypertonic Solution - correct answer ✔✔a solution with a higher solute concentration
compared with another
Isotonic Solution - correct answer ✔✔a solution that has the same tonicity compared with
another
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - correct answer ✔✔produced in the hypothalamus and is stored
in the posterior lobe of the pituitary body. Controls how much water is reabsorbed into the
body
Non-Specific Immunity - correct answer ✔✔defence mechanisms not specific to any individual
pathogens e.g phagocytosis
Specific Immunity - correct answer ✔✔response which does distinguish between individual
pathogens. Will take longer to work but tends to provide long-term immunity e.g lymphocytes
Natural Barriers - correct answer ✔✔skin/tears/mucus/stomach acid
Phagocytosis - correct answer ✔✔includes polymorphs and macrophages. Bacteria is engulfed
B-lymphocytes - correct answer ✔✔matured in the bone marrow. Antibody-mediated
immunity- produces antibodies in response to antigens found in body fluids
T-lymphocytes - correct answer ✔✔matured in the thymus gland. Cell-mediated immunity-
response to antigens attached to cells, usually respond to viral infection
