MCCANCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 8
2026 COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of
excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab
results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate
ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: Answer:
respiratory acidosis
◉ For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by
the body will include: Answer: Kidney excretion of H+
◉ A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and
reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood
tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased
HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Answer:
Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
◉ Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of
natriuretic peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment?
Answer: heart
,◉ A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is
diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing
indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Answer: -Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
◉ The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of
inappropriate ADH (SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following
symptoms? (Select all that apply.) Answer: -Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching
◉ A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins
synthesized by lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the
primary care provider describing? Answer: antibodies
◉ While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant
cells in the blood are: Answer: erythrocytes
,◉ An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory.
Assuming a normal sample, which type of white blood cell accounts
for the highest percentage? Answer: neutrophils
◉ A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound
granules in their cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity.
Which of the following cells is most similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils Answer: eosinophils
◉ While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which
principle will the nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of
early inflammation is the: Answer: neutrophil
◉ A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which
statement indicates the patient has a good understanding?
_______________ contain preformed granules of vasoactive amines.
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils Answer: basophils
, ◉ A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature
(differentiate) into:
a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells Answer: macrophages
◉ A nurse is teaching the staff about platelets. Which information
should the nurse include? In addition to playing a role in hemostasis,
platelets have the ability to: Answer: release biochemical mediators
of inflammation
◉ While planning care for a newborn, the pediatric nurse recalls the
main site of hematopoiesis in the fetus is the: Answer: spleen
◉ A 45-year-old female undergoes a splenectomy to remove a tumor.
Which of the following assessment finding is most likely to occur
following surgery? Answer: leukocytosis
◉ During an infection, the nurse assesses the lymph nodes. Lymph
nodes enlarge and become tender because: Answer: Lymphocytes
are rapidly dividing
2026 COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of
excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab
results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate
ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: Answer:
respiratory acidosis
◉ For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by
the body will include: Answer: Kidney excretion of H+
◉ A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and
reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood
tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased
HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Answer:
Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
◉ Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of
natriuretic peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment?
Answer: heart
,◉ A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is
diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing
indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Answer: -Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
◉ The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of
inappropriate ADH (SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following
symptoms? (Select all that apply.) Answer: -Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching
◉ A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins
synthesized by lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the
primary care provider describing? Answer: antibodies
◉ While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant
cells in the blood are: Answer: erythrocytes
,◉ An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory.
Assuming a normal sample, which type of white blood cell accounts
for the highest percentage? Answer: neutrophils
◉ A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound
granules in their cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity.
Which of the following cells is most similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils Answer: eosinophils
◉ While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which
principle will the nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of
early inflammation is the: Answer: neutrophil
◉ A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which
statement indicates the patient has a good understanding?
_______________ contain preformed granules of vasoactive amines.
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils Answer: basophils
, ◉ A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature
(differentiate) into:
a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells Answer: macrophages
◉ A nurse is teaching the staff about platelets. Which information
should the nurse include? In addition to playing a role in hemostasis,
platelets have the ability to: Answer: release biochemical mediators
of inflammation
◉ While planning care for a newborn, the pediatric nurse recalls the
main site of hematopoiesis in the fetus is the: Answer: spleen
◉ A 45-year-old female undergoes a splenectomy to remove a tumor.
Which of the following assessment finding is most likely to occur
following surgery? Answer: leukocytosis
◉ During an infection, the nurse assesses the lymph nodes. Lymph
nodes enlarge and become tender because: Answer: Lymphocytes
are rapidly dividing
