CCEA AS Biology 1.3 (Cells) – Study Guide & Practice Questions
How do you calculate the actual size of a cell? - correct answer ✔✔actual size = observed
size/magnification
What are the two main types of microscope? - correct answer ✔✔Optical and electron
How do optical microscopes work? - correct answer ✔✔They use glass lenses to focus visible
light and as a result has poor resolution
How do electron microscopes work? - correct answer ✔✔The use electromagnetic coils to bend
a beam of electrons and as a result has a much higher resolution
What is a graticule? - correct answer ✔✔A scale which can be inserted into the eyepiece of the
microscope
What specimens can be observed through an optical microscope? - correct answer ✔✔Living
specimens (transparent ones must be stained)
What specimens can be observed through an electron microscope? - correct answer ✔✔Dead,
thin and stained specimens
What are the two kinds of electron microscope? - correct answer ✔✔1. Transmission electron
microscope - works be passing beams of electrons through very thin slices
2. Scanning electron microscopes - bounce means of electrons off the surface of the object
What are the 2 types of cells? - correct answer ✔✔Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
, What are the characterises of prokaryotic cells? - correct answer ✔✔- DNA not enclosed with a
nuclear membrane
- No membrane bound organelles
- Bacteria
What are the advantages of membrane bound organelles? - correct answer ✔✔- Larger
membrane surface area meaning the cell can contain more enzyme molecules and reaction
rates can be increased
- All enzymes for particular process can be contained within one organelle
- Potentially harmful chemicals can be kept separate from rest of cell contents
What is the function of the slime capsule? - correct answer ✔✔To protect the cell
What is the purpose of the flagellum? - correct answer ✔✔Aids with movement of the bacteria
What is the nucleus? - correct answer ✔✔- Largest organelle
- Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
- Surrounded by double layer of membrane
- Control centre of the cell
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - correct answer ✔✔- 3 dimensional membrane system
enclosing cisternae
- Extends throughout the cytoplasm
- Membrane is continuous with nuclear envelope
- Some has ribosomes attached and some does not (r.e.r and s.e.r)
- R.e.r. provides scaffolding for ribosomes to make proteins
How do you calculate the actual size of a cell? - correct answer ✔✔actual size = observed
size/magnification
What are the two main types of microscope? - correct answer ✔✔Optical and electron
How do optical microscopes work? - correct answer ✔✔They use glass lenses to focus visible
light and as a result has poor resolution
How do electron microscopes work? - correct answer ✔✔The use electromagnetic coils to bend
a beam of electrons and as a result has a much higher resolution
What is a graticule? - correct answer ✔✔A scale which can be inserted into the eyepiece of the
microscope
What specimens can be observed through an optical microscope? - correct answer ✔✔Living
specimens (transparent ones must be stained)
What specimens can be observed through an electron microscope? - correct answer ✔✔Dead,
thin and stained specimens
What are the two kinds of electron microscope? - correct answer ✔✔1. Transmission electron
microscope - works be passing beams of electrons through very thin slices
2. Scanning electron microscopes - bounce means of electrons off the surface of the object
What are the 2 types of cells? - correct answer ✔✔Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
, What are the characterises of prokaryotic cells? - correct answer ✔✔- DNA not enclosed with a
nuclear membrane
- No membrane bound organelles
- Bacteria
What are the advantages of membrane bound organelles? - correct answer ✔✔- Larger
membrane surface area meaning the cell can contain more enzyme molecules and reaction
rates can be increased
- All enzymes for particular process can be contained within one organelle
- Potentially harmful chemicals can be kept separate from rest of cell contents
What is the function of the slime capsule? - correct answer ✔✔To protect the cell
What is the purpose of the flagellum? - correct answer ✔✔Aids with movement of the bacteria
What is the nucleus? - correct answer ✔✔- Largest organelle
- Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
- Surrounded by double layer of membrane
- Control centre of the cell
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - correct answer ✔✔- 3 dimensional membrane system
enclosing cisternae
- Extends throughout the cytoplasm
- Membrane is continuous with nuclear envelope
- Some has ribosomes attached and some does not (r.e.r and s.e.r)
- R.e.r. provides scaffolding for ribosomes to make proteins
