What are mitochondria?
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Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a
metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
What is a chemical reaction? What is a reactant and a product?
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Chemical reactions are the making and breaking
of chemical bonds. The starting molecules of a chemical
, reaction are called reactants. The final molecules of a
chemical reaction are called products
What is a polar covalent bond?
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In a polar covalent bond, one atom is more electronegative,
and the atoms do not share the electron equally
What is a covalent bond?
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A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of
valence electrons by two atoms. In a covalent bond, the
shared electrons count as part of each atom's valence shell
What are the three types of cytoskeleton proteins and what are their functions?
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, Microfilaments
-Microfilaments are fine, thread-like protein fibers, 3-6 nm in diameter. They
are composed predominantly of a contractile protein called actin, which is
the most abundant cellular protein. Microfilaments' association with the
protein myosin is responsible for muscle contraction. Microfilaments can
also carry out cellular movements including gliding, contraction, and
cytokinesis.
Microtubules
-Microtubules are cylindrical tubes, 20-25 nm in diameter. They are
composed of subunits of the protein tubulin--these subunits are termed
alpha and beta. Microtubules act as a scaffold to determine cell shape, and
provide a set of "tracks" for cell organelles and vesicles to move on.
Microtubules also form the spindle fibers for separating chromosomes
during mitosis. When arranged in geometric patterns inside flagella and
cilia, they are used for locomotion.
Intermediate Filaments
-Intermediate filaments are about 10 nm diameter and provide tensile
strength for the cell.
Bound ribosomes
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Bound ribosomes are on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the
nuclear envelope. Bound ribosomes produce proteins that are transported
out of the cell. This includes proteins that are required for a specific
function, such as digestive enzymes. Bound ribosomes also produce
polypeptide hormones. A few proteins produced by bound ribosomes are
used in the cell membrane and on the outer surface of the cell. Surface
receptors and cell signaling proteins are produced by bound ribosomes.
Describe the scientific process
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a
metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
What is a chemical reaction? What is a reactant and a product?
Give this one a try later!
Chemical reactions are the making and breaking
of chemical bonds. The starting molecules of a chemical
, reaction are called reactants. The final molecules of a
chemical reaction are called products
What is a polar covalent bond?
Give this one a try later!
In a polar covalent bond, one atom is more electronegative,
and the atoms do not share the electron equally
What is a covalent bond?
Give this one a try later!
A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of
valence electrons by two atoms. In a covalent bond, the
shared electrons count as part of each atom's valence shell
What are the three types of cytoskeleton proteins and what are their functions?
Give this one a try later!
, Microfilaments
-Microfilaments are fine, thread-like protein fibers, 3-6 nm in diameter. They
are composed predominantly of a contractile protein called actin, which is
the most abundant cellular protein. Microfilaments' association with the
protein myosin is responsible for muscle contraction. Microfilaments can
also carry out cellular movements including gliding, contraction, and
cytokinesis.
Microtubules
-Microtubules are cylindrical tubes, 20-25 nm in diameter. They are
composed of subunits of the protein tubulin--these subunits are termed
alpha and beta. Microtubules act as a scaffold to determine cell shape, and
provide a set of "tracks" for cell organelles and vesicles to move on.
Microtubules also form the spindle fibers for separating chromosomes
during mitosis. When arranged in geometric patterns inside flagella and
cilia, they are used for locomotion.
Intermediate Filaments
-Intermediate filaments are about 10 nm diameter and provide tensile
strength for the cell.
Bound ribosomes
Give this one a try later!
Bound ribosomes are on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the
nuclear envelope. Bound ribosomes produce proteins that are transported
out of the cell. This includes proteins that are required for a specific
function, such as digestive enzymes. Bound ribosomes also produce
polypeptide hormones. A few proteins produced by bound ribosomes are
used in the cell membrane and on the outer surface of the cell. Surface
receptors and cell signaling proteins are produced by bound ribosomes.
Describe the scientific process
Give this one a try later!
