COMPREHENSIVE NURSING PRACTICE STUDY
GUIDE 2026 TEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ Multifactorial traits. Answer: traits that result from the interaction of one
or more environmental factors and two or more genes
-BP, Height, quantitative traits, , cancers, DM, CAD, Stroke
▶ Transcription. Answer: The process by which RNA is synthesized from a
DNA template. - results in messenger RNA
-RNA polymerase binds to a promoter site on DNA
-transcription factors bind to transcription factor binding sites (regulate
timing of transcription and tissues)
-Each transcribed segment corresponds to one gene that makes up our
chromosomes
▶ Genetic mutations occur when:. Answer: 1) an existing error in coding is
transcribed to the new DNA
2) a transcription error occurs that results in an error in coding
3) mutation in the coding occurs after transcription.
▶ Chromosomes. Answer: Somatic cells -46 chromosomes (23 pairs)-
muscles, liver, epithelial, etc-Diploid (2N)
Gamete cells- 23 chromosomes (one from each of the 23 pairs)- Egg or
sperm-Haploid (1N)
▶ Translation. Answer: involves the actual synthesis of protein
▶ DNA and genetics. Answer: Genotype- individual's chromosomes- the
blueprint
Phenotype- the physical end results (eye color, hair color, blood type)
-Human genome= 20,000 genes
-97% of genes are noncoding DNA
-3% codes for synthesis of 60,000-80,000 different proteins, enzymes,
hormones, ion channels, cell membrane receptors
-99.9% of DNA in humans is the same
GUIDE 2026 TEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ Multifactorial traits. Answer: traits that result from the interaction of one
or more environmental factors and two or more genes
-BP, Height, quantitative traits, , cancers, DM, CAD, Stroke
▶ Transcription. Answer: The process by which RNA is synthesized from a
DNA template. - results in messenger RNA
-RNA polymerase binds to a promoter site on DNA
-transcription factors bind to transcription factor binding sites (regulate
timing of transcription and tissues)
-Each transcribed segment corresponds to one gene that makes up our
chromosomes
▶ Genetic mutations occur when:. Answer: 1) an existing error in coding is
transcribed to the new DNA
2) a transcription error occurs that results in an error in coding
3) mutation in the coding occurs after transcription.
▶ Chromosomes. Answer: Somatic cells -46 chromosomes (23 pairs)-
muscles, liver, epithelial, etc-Diploid (2N)
Gamete cells- 23 chromosomes (one from each of the 23 pairs)- Egg or
sperm-Haploid (1N)
▶ Translation. Answer: involves the actual synthesis of protein
▶ DNA and genetics. Answer: Genotype- individual's chromosomes- the
blueprint
Phenotype- the physical end results (eye color, hair color, blood type)
-Human genome= 20,000 genes
-97% of genes are noncoding DNA
-3% codes for synthesis of 60,000-80,000 different proteins, enzymes,
hormones, ion channels, cell membrane receptors
-99.9% of DNA in humans is the same
