SARAH MICHELLE CRASH UPDATED EXAM 2026 TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Thalassemia - ✔✔-concern for overload of iron
-increased intestinal absorption of iron, usually require lots of transfusions= increased
amount of iron in the blood.
-chelaton- treatment removes excess iron.
-affects mediterrian, Asia, africa, Middle East.
✔✔Sickle cell anemia - ✔✔-usually diagnosed in infancy
-illness and dehydration- typical cause of sickle cell crisis
-recieve all vaccines is recommended for children
- managing crisis in primary care- refer out for iV fluids, likely IV pain medications.
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔-surface antigen (HBSAG) indicates an acute or chronic infection.
-positive HBSAG- eliminate any question without acute or chronic infection.
-igm- misery (acute hepatitis B)
-IgG- gone (no longer having acute hep B)
-positive HBSAG and IgG negative- chronic infection.
-negative HBSAG and IgG negative- infection not present
-positive HBSAG= has immunity
-exposed to hep B with no immunization- both vaccine and immunoglobulin.
-hep B vaccine ok to give in pregnancy.
✔✔Hemochromatosis - ✔✔like thalassemia, may lead to overload of iron, usually
treated with regular phlebotomy, removing blood similarly to donating blood.
✔✔Polycythemia vera - ✔✔body making too many blood cells, which makes blood thick,
increase chance of clotting. treated with regular phlebotomy.
-secondary polycythemia vera can be seen in relation to increase altitutdes, chronic
respiratory conditions like COPD.
✔✔Cancer - ✔✔-TNM staging (tumor size, nodes, metastasis).
✔✔Lymphoma (blood cancer) - ✔✔-cancer of lymphatic system, spleen
-hodgkins- more common in adolescents and young adults
-non-hodgkins- more common in older adults
-cause unknown
-enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, unexplained fatigue, and weight loss.
✔✔Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - ✔✔-genetically causes, slow-growing
-increased blood counts (WBCs), sometimes up to 60,000
-less overall symptoms
-may not require treatment.
, ✔✔Chronic myeloid leukemia - ✔✔-spleen enlargement
-liver enlargement
-anemia
-increased WBC
-abdominal symptoms (feeling full, tenderness)
✔✔Both CLL and CML - ✔✔-night sweats
-fever
-fatigue
-easy bruising
-weight loss
-slow progression
-lymphadenopathy
-treatment: bone marrow transplants, radiation, chemotherapy
- five year survival rate is above 70% for both conditions.
✔✔Appendicitis - ✔✔-pain typically in RLQ
-Diagnostic tests: CT scan, US (CT better option)
Signs
- Rosving-palpate LLQ, pain in RLQ
-Markle- pain in RLQ when pt hops on one foot (heel jar)
-Blumberg-rebound tenderness
-McBurney point- 2/3 of the distance of belly button and anterior superior iliac crest,
tender when pressed- positive.
-obturator- internal rotation of the right hip at 90 degrees (causes abdominal pain in
RLQ- positive).
-Psoas- raising leg against resistance, abdominal pain- positive.
✔✔Cholecystitis - ✔✔-positive Murphy sign indicates possible cholecystitis
-palpate the subcostal area in RUQ, have patient take big deep breath, pain with
inspiration is a positive test. (inflamed gallbladder comes in contact with examiners
hand).
-Diagnostic test: ultrasound (see if there is any gallstones).
-no gallstones but still suspicious for cholecysitis- HIDA scan (tells us how gallbladder is
working.)
-HIDA scan performed with gallstones present may cause a gallstone to be come
dislodged in the pancreatic duct, which would lead to the need for a ERCP.
✔✔Cullen vs. Gray Turner sign - ✔✔-think intraabdominal bleeding, like necrotizing
pancreatitis or ruptured eptopic pregnancy.
-cullen: center of body, bluish discoloration around the belly button.
-Gray-turner: bluish discoloration in the flank
-dark skin patient- may appear darker red, or purple
-refer to ER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Thalassemia - ✔✔-concern for overload of iron
-increased intestinal absorption of iron, usually require lots of transfusions= increased
amount of iron in the blood.
-chelaton- treatment removes excess iron.
-affects mediterrian, Asia, africa, Middle East.
✔✔Sickle cell anemia - ✔✔-usually diagnosed in infancy
-illness and dehydration- typical cause of sickle cell crisis
-recieve all vaccines is recommended for children
- managing crisis in primary care- refer out for iV fluids, likely IV pain medications.
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔-surface antigen (HBSAG) indicates an acute or chronic infection.
-positive HBSAG- eliminate any question without acute or chronic infection.
-igm- misery (acute hepatitis B)
-IgG- gone (no longer having acute hep B)
-positive HBSAG and IgG negative- chronic infection.
-negative HBSAG and IgG negative- infection not present
-positive HBSAG= has immunity
-exposed to hep B with no immunization- both vaccine and immunoglobulin.
-hep B vaccine ok to give in pregnancy.
✔✔Hemochromatosis - ✔✔like thalassemia, may lead to overload of iron, usually
treated with regular phlebotomy, removing blood similarly to donating blood.
✔✔Polycythemia vera - ✔✔body making too many blood cells, which makes blood thick,
increase chance of clotting. treated with regular phlebotomy.
-secondary polycythemia vera can be seen in relation to increase altitutdes, chronic
respiratory conditions like COPD.
✔✔Cancer - ✔✔-TNM staging (tumor size, nodes, metastasis).
✔✔Lymphoma (blood cancer) - ✔✔-cancer of lymphatic system, spleen
-hodgkins- more common in adolescents and young adults
-non-hodgkins- more common in older adults
-cause unknown
-enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, unexplained fatigue, and weight loss.
✔✔Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - ✔✔-genetically causes, slow-growing
-increased blood counts (WBCs), sometimes up to 60,000
-less overall symptoms
-may not require treatment.
, ✔✔Chronic myeloid leukemia - ✔✔-spleen enlargement
-liver enlargement
-anemia
-increased WBC
-abdominal symptoms (feeling full, tenderness)
✔✔Both CLL and CML - ✔✔-night sweats
-fever
-fatigue
-easy bruising
-weight loss
-slow progression
-lymphadenopathy
-treatment: bone marrow transplants, radiation, chemotherapy
- five year survival rate is above 70% for both conditions.
✔✔Appendicitis - ✔✔-pain typically in RLQ
-Diagnostic tests: CT scan, US (CT better option)
Signs
- Rosving-palpate LLQ, pain in RLQ
-Markle- pain in RLQ when pt hops on one foot (heel jar)
-Blumberg-rebound tenderness
-McBurney point- 2/3 of the distance of belly button and anterior superior iliac crest,
tender when pressed- positive.
-obturator- internal rotation of the right hip at 90 degrees (causes abdominal pain in
RLQ- positive).
-Psoas- raising leg against resistance, abdominal pain- positive.
✔✔Cholecystitis - ✔✔-positive Murphy sign indicates possible cholecystitis
-palpate the subcostal area in RUQ, have patient take big deep breath, pain with
inspiration is a positive test. (inflamed gallbladder comes in contact with examiners
hand).
-Diagnostic test: ultrasound (see if there is any gallstones).
-no gallstones but still suspicious for cholecysitis- HIDA scan (tells us how gallbladder is
working.)
-HIDA scan performed with gallstones present may cause a gallstone to be come
dislodged in the pancreatic duct, which would lead to the need for a ERCP.
✔✔Cullen vs. Gray Turner sign - ✔✔-think intraabdominal bleeding, like necrotizing
pancreatitis or ruptured eptopic pregnancy.
-cullen: center of body, bluish discoloration around the belly button.
-Gray-turner: bluish discoloration in the flank
-dark skin patient- may appear darker red, or purple
-refer to ER
