ARRT REGISTRY LATEST COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Remnant Radiation - ✔✔aka exit radiation
The portion of the attenuated x-ray beam that emerges from the patient and interacts
with the image receptor
Remnant x-ray beam aka the image forming beam
✔✔Attenuation - ✔✔The progressive absorption of the x-ray beam as it passes through
matter
✔✔Operating Console (Control Panel) - ✔✔kVp
mA
Exposure time
AEC
on/off emergency switch
Tube energized identifyer
✔✔X-ray Tube - ✔✔
✔✔Glass Envelope - ✔✔-Leaded Pyrex glass with high melting point
-protects internal components
-Maintains a vacuum environment
-Thinner window section where x-rays are directed for the primary beam
✔✔Electron Sources - ✔✔-Cathode:
--Negative electrode
--Molybdenum or nickel focusing cup positioned around tungsten filament wires
-most modern tubes are dual focus containing two filaments
✔✔Focusing Cup - ✔✔-Negatively charged
-Provides electrostatic field to control the path of electrons from cathode to anode at
exposure time (- to +)
-Aids in maintaining line focus principle
Selecting mA determines the number of electrons free around the filament
-Effectiveness depends on size and shape, and the charge, size, shape and position of
the filament in the focusing cup
✔✔Target Materials - ✔✔-Anode
--Positive electrode
--made of tungsten-high atomic number, melting point and ability to dissipate heat
-Rotating the anode increases the surface area, heat capacity and increases tube
efficiency
,✔✔Line Focus Principle - ✔✔The actual area on the surface of the anode bombarded
with electrons will be larger than the focus directed toward the film
-actual focus spot=anode
-effective/useful/projected=primary beam
✔✔Induction Motor - ✔✔-Stator windings and rotor
-Operates the rotor that spins the anode
-Stator (paired set of electromagnets) rotates around the outside of the tube which
moves the rotor within the tube
✔✔Leakage Radiation - ✔✔-x-ray photons not part of the primary beam
-emitted through the metal protective housing
-should not exceed 100mR/hr at 1 meter
✔✔Insulating Oil - ✔✔-assists in cooling the tube
-located outside the glass envelope but inside the metal protective housing
-contributes to the inherent filtration of the tube
✔✔Generator, Transformers, and Rectification System - ✔✔
✔✔Ohm's Law - ✔✔V=IR
V=voltage or electrical potential
I=current measured in Amperes
R=resistance measured in Ohms
✔✔Sinusoidal (sine) Wave - ✔✔-Represents the changing electromotive force induced
in the armature of an electrical generator and transferred to an external circuit. As the
armature travels trough a stationary magnetic field at varying angles making up on 360
degree revolution. Each revolution makes two distinct pulses
*2 pulses per cycle
✔✔Parallel Circuits - ✔✔-Voltage constant, Amps vary
-Maximum voltage is equal to the greatest single volt producing device
*ex: If one branch of the circuit has 6 volts and a second has 12 volts, the max voltage
for the circuit is 12 volts
✔✔Series Circuits - ✔✔-Voltage varies, Amps constant
Total Voltage= Vt= V1+V2
Total Resistance+ Rt=r1+r2+r3
✔✔X-ray Circuit Primary Side
(low Voltage) - ✔✔220-240Volts
1)A/C supply
, 2)Master Wall Switch
3)Fuses
4)Line Voltage Meter
5)Auto Transformer
6)Line Voltage Compensator
7)Step Up Transformer
8)Pre Reading kVp meter
9)Exposure Switch
10)Exposure Timer
✔✔X-ray Circuit Secondary Side
(High Voltage) - ✔✔Thousands of V or kV
1)mA meter
2)Rectifiers
✔✔Filament Heating Circuit
(low voltage) - ✔✔1)mA Selector
2)Focal Spot Selector
3)Step Down or Filament Transformer
✔✔Step Up/ Step Down - ✔✔T-secondary/T-primary
ex: 20/1 or 20:1 = step up transformer
1/50 or 1:50 = step down transformer
✔✔Transformer Formula for Voltage - ✔✔More turns=More voltage
✔✔Transformer Formula for Current - ✔✔(N=turns)
✔✔Auto Transformer - ✔✔Primary Side
*kVp selection
Determines the amount of line voltage that will be sent to the step-up transformer
✔✔Line Voltage Compensator - ✔✔Primary Side
Helps maintain consistent voltage
✔✔Filament Transformer - ✔✔Located in the Filament Circuit
*mA selection
Adjusts the amount of current and voltage supplied to the filament of the radiographic
tube
✔✔Fluoro Unit Image Intensifier - ✔✔-Converts x-ray beam into bright visible light
✔✔Fluoro: Input Phosphor - ✔✔-Converts incoming x-ray photons (remnant radiation)
into light photons
-Intensity of the light produced is proportional to the intensity of the remnant radiation
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Remnant Radiation - ✔✔aka exit radiation
The portion of the attenuated x-ray beam that emerges from the patient and interacts
with the image receptor
Remnant x-ray beam aka the image forming beam
✔✔Attenuation - ✔✔The progressive absorption of the x-ray beam as it passes through
matter
✔✔Operating Console (Control Panel) - ✔✔kVp
mA
Exposure time
AEC
on/off emergency switch
Tube energized identifyer
✔✔X-ray Tube - ✔✔
✔✔Glass Envelope - ✔✔-Leaded Pyrex glass with high melting point
-protects internal components
-Maintains a vacuum environment
-Thinner window section where x-rays are directed for the primary beam
✔✔Electron Sources - ✔✔-Cathode:
--Negative electrode
--Molybdenum or nickel focusing cup positioned around tungsten filament wires
-most modern tubes are dual focus containing two filaments
✔✔Focusing Cup - ✔✔-Negatively charged
-Provides electrostatic field to control the path of electrons from cathode to anode at
exposure time (- to +)
-Aids in maintaining line focus principle
Selecting mA determines the number of electrons free around the filament
-Effectiveness depends on size and shape, and the charge, size, shape and position of
the filament in the focusing cup
✔✔Target Materials - ✔✔-Anode
--Positive electrode
--made of tungsten-high atomic number, melting point and ability to dissipate heat
-Rotating the anode increases the surface area, heat capacity and increases tube
efficiency
,✔✔Line Focus Principle - ✔✔The actual area on the surface of the anode bombarded
with electrons will be larger than the focus directed toward the film
-actual focus spot=anode
-effective/useful/projected=primary beam
✔✔Induction Motor - ✔✔-Stator windings and rotor
-Operates the rotor that spins the anode
-Stator (paired set of electromagnets) rotates around the outside of the tube which
moves the rotor within the tube
✔✔Leakage Radiation - ✔✔-x-ray photons not part of the primary beam
-emitted through the metal protective housing
-should not exceed 100mR/hr at 1 meter
✔✔Insulating Oil - ✔✔-assists in cooling the tube
-located outside the glass envelope but inside the metal protective housing
-contributes to the inherent filtration of the tube
✔✔Generator, Transformers, and Rectification System - ✔✔
✔✔Ohm's Law - ✔✔V=IR
V=voltage or electrical potential
I=current measured in Amperes
R=resistance measured in Ohms
✔✔Sinusoidal (sine) Wave - ✔✔-Represents the changing electromotive force induced
in the armature of an electrical generator and transferred to an external circuit. As the
armature travels trough a stationary magnetic field at varying angles making up on 360
degree revolution. Each revolution makes two distinct pulses
*2 pulses per cycle
✔✔Parallel Circuits - ✔✔-Voltage constant, Amps vary
-Maximum voltage is equal to the greatest single volt producing device
*ex: If one branch of the circuit has 6 volts and a second has 12 volts, the max voltage
for the circuit is 12 volts
✔✔Series Circuits - ✔✔-Voltage varies, Amps constant
Total Voltage= Vt= V1+V2
Total Resistance+ Rt=r1+r2+r3
✔✔X-ray Circuit Primary Side
(low Voltage) - ✔✔220-240Volts
1)A/C supply
, 2)Master Wall Switch
3)Fuses
4)Line Voltage Meter
5)Auto Transformer
6)Line Voltage Compensator
7)Step Up Transformer
8)Pre Reading kVp meter
9)Exposure Switch
10)Exposure Timer
✔✔X-ray Circuit Secondary Side
(High Voltage) - ✔✔Thousands of V or kV
1)mA meter
2)Rectifiers
✔✔Filament Heating Circuit
(low voltage) - ✔✔1)mA Selector
2)Focal Spot Selector
3)Step Down or Filament Transformer
✔✔Step Up/ Step Down - ✔✔T-secondary/T-primary
ex: 20/1 or 20:1 = step up transformer
1/50 or 1:50 = step down transformer
✔✔Transformer Formula for Voltage - ✔✔More turns=More voltage
✔✔Transformer Formula for Current - ✔✔(N=turns)
✔✔Auto Transformer - ✔✔Primary Side
*kVp selection
Determines the amount of line voltage that will be sent to the step-up transformer
✔✔Line Voltage Compensator - ✔✔Primary Side
Helps maintain consistent voltage
✔✔Filament Transformer - ✔✔Located in the Filament Circuit
*mA selection
Adjusts the amount of current and voltage supplied to the filament of the radiographic
tube
✔✔Fluoro Unit Image Intensifier - ✔✔-Converts x-ray beam into bright visible light
✔✔Fluoro: Input Phosphor - ✔✔-Converts incoming x-ray photons (remnant radiation)
into light photons
-Intensity of the light produced is proportional to the intensity of the remnant radiation
