ARRT REGISTRY REVISION EXAM PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Pathogens - ✔✔-Fomites- inanimate object that has made contact with and
infectious organism (ex. food, water, gloves, equipment, etc)
-Vehicles- transmission of an infectious agentthat is indirect by means of a fomite that
touches a person's body or is ingested
-Vectors- typically an arthropod (flea, tick, mosquito, etc)
-Nosocomial infection- hospital acquired infection
✔✔Normal Pulse Rates - ✔✔Adults: 60-100
Children: 90-100
Infants: 80-120
Tachycardia- fast heart rate, more than 100 beats/minute
Bradycardia- slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/minute
✔✔Pulse Palpation Sites - ✔✔Skull- temporal artery
Neck- carotid
Upper Extremity- radial
Groin- Femoral
Lower Extremity- dorsal pedis
✔✔Heart - ✔✔Right Side of the Heart
-Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava,
emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.
-As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle
through the open tricuspid valve.
-When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing
backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.
-As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the
pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.
Left Side of the Heart
-The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the
heart.
-As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through
the open mitral valve.
-When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing
backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.
-As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta
and to the body.
, ✔✔Heart Beat - ✔✔Systolic- contraction of the left ventricle
Diastolic- pressure within the vascular system with the heart at rest
✔✔Blood Pressure - ✔✔Systolic /Diastolic
Adults: 110-140/ 60-80
Children: 70-112/ 26-70
Infants: 60-105 /22-60
Hypertension-high blood pressure
above 140/90
Hypotension- low blood pressure
below 95/60
✔✔Respiratory Rate - ✔✔Adults: 12-20 breaths per minute
Children: 30-60 breaths per minute
Dyspneic/Dyspnea- when more than normal effort is required
Tachypnea- rapid breathing
Bradypnea- slow breathing
Apnea- cessation of breathing
✔✔Common Medical Emergencies - ✔✔Syncope- Fainting, assist patient to safe
surface
Diabetic Reaction-
Hyperglycemia- high blood sugar
Hypoglycemia- low blood sugar
Epistaxis- nose bleed
Seizure- Grand Mal (tonic-clonic)- help patient to floor and place padding under patient's
head
✔✔Extravasation/Infiltration - ✔✔-Escape of the contrast media into the surrounding
tissues at the site of injection
-Pain, swelling, and redness
-Can be treated by removing the needle, applying a warm compress and elevating the
extremity. If a corrosive drug was used apply a cold compress immediately to prevent
tissue necrosis
-Infiltration is similar
✔✔Types of Shock - ✔✔-Hypovolemic- results from external hemorrhage, lacerations,
or plasma loss due to burns
-Septic- results from massive infection
-Neurogenic- patients that suffer head or spinal trauma resulting in a failure of arterial
resistance
-Cardiogenic- results from cardiac failure
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Pathogens - ✔✔-Fomites- inanimate object that has made contact with and
infectious organism (ex. food, water, gloves, equipment, etc)
-Vehicles- transmission of an infectious agentthat is indirect by means of a fomite that
touches a person's body or is ingested
-Vectors- typically an arthropod (flea, tick, mosquito, etc)
-Nosocomial infection- hospital acquired infection
✔✔Normal Pulse Rates - ✔✔Adults: 60-100
Children: 90-100
Infants: 80-120
Tachycardia- fast heart rate, more than 100 beats/minute
Bradycardia- slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/minute
✔✔Pulse Palpation Sites - ✔✔Skull- temporal artery
Neck- carotid
Upper Extremity- radial
Groin- Femoral
Lower Extremity- dorsal pedis
✔✔Heart - ✔✔Right Side of the Heart
-Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava,
emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.
-As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle
through the open tricuspid valve.
-When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing
backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.
-As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the
pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.
Left Side of the Heart
-The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the
heart.
-As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through
the open mitral valve.
-When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing
backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.
-As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta
and to the body.
, ✔✔Heart Beat - ✔✔Systolic- contraction of the left ventricle
Diastolic- pressure within the vascular system with the heart at rest
✔✔Blood Pressure - ✔✔Systolic /Diastolic
Adults: 110-140/ 60-80
Children: 70-112/ 26-70
Infants: 60-105 /22-60
Hypertension-high blood pressure
above 140/90
Hypotension- low blood pressure
below 95/60
✔✔Respiratory Rate - ✔✔Adults: 12-20 breaths per minute
Children: 30-60 breaths per minute
Dyspneic/Dyspnea- when more than normal effort is required
Tachypnea- rapid breathing
Bradypnea- slow breathing
Apnea- cessation of breathing
✔✔Common Medical Emergencies - ✔✔Syncope- Fainting, assist patient to safe
surface
Diabetic Reaction-
Hyperglycemia- high blood sugar
Hypoglycemia- low blood sugar
Epistaxis- nose bleed
Seizure- Grand Mal (tonic-clonic)- help patient to floor and place padding under patient's
head
✔✔Extravasation/Infiltration - ✔✔-Escape of the contrast media into the surrounding
tissues at the site of injection
-Pain, swelling, and redness
-Can be treated by removing the needle, applying a warm compress and elevating the
extremity. If a corrosive drug was used apply a cold compress immediately to prevent
tissue necrosis
-Infiltration is similar
✔✔Types of Shock - ✔✔-Hypovolemic- results from external hemorrhage, lacerations,
or plasma loss due to burns
-Septic- results from massive infection
-Neurogenic- patients that suffer head or spinal trauma resulting in a failure of arterial
resistance
-Cardiogenic- results from cardiac failure
