NIGHTINGALE BSN 305 PHARMACOLOGY – FINAL
EXAM 3|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED
A+|2026 UPDATE|100% CORRECT
1–10
1. Which lab best reflects warfarin effectiveness?
A. aPTT
B. INR
C. Platelets
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B
Rationale: INR is the standard monitoring tool for warfarin.
2. Therapeutic INR range for most patients is:
A. 0.5–1.0
B. 1.0–1.5
C. 2.0–3.0
D. 4.0–5.0
Answer: C
Rationale: Most indications require INR 2–3.
3. Heparin is monitored using:
A. INR
B. aPTT
C. PT only
D. Blood glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: aPTT measures intrinsic clotting pathway.
4. A drop in platelets during heparin therapy suggests:
A. HIT
,B. Infection
C. Anemia
D. Diabetes
Answer: A
Rationale: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is immune-mediated.
5. First-line treatment for anaphylaxis:
A. Epinephrine
B. Insulin
C. Digoxin
D. Warfarin
Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine reverses airway and vascular collapse.
6. Opioids cause respiratory depression by acting on:
A. CNS
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Pancreas
Answer: A
Rationale: They suppress brain respiratory centers.
7. Naloxone is used for:
A. Opioid overdose
B. Warfarin toxicity
C. Insulin overdose
D. Infection
Answer: A
Rationale: Opioid receptor antagonist.
8. Insulin + sweating + confusion requires first:
A. Check blood glucose
B. Give insulin
C. Give antihypertensive
, D. Call pharmacy
Answer: A
Rationale: Indicates hypoglycemia.
9. Rapid-acting insulin is:
A. Lispro
B. NPH
C. Glargine
D. Detemir
Answer: A
Rationale: Fastest onset insulin.
10. Long-acting insulin is:
A. Glargine
B. Lispro
C. Regular
D. NPH
Answer: A
Rationale: Provides 24-hour basal coverage.
11–20
11. Metformin is contraindicated in:
A. Renal failure
B. Hypertension
C. Asthma
D. Infection
Answer: A
Rationale: Risk of lactic acidosis.
12. Metformin works by:
A. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
B. Increasing insulin release
C. Blocking digestion
D. Increasing appetite
EXAM 3|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED
A+|2026 UPDATE|100% CORRECT
1–10
1. Which lab best reflects warfarin effectiveness?
A. aPTT
B. INR
C. Platelets
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B
Rationale: INR is the standard monitoring tool for warfarin.
2. Therapeutic INR range for most patients is:
A. 0.5–1.0
B. 1.0–1.5
C. 2.0–3.0
D. 4.0–5.0
Answer: C
Rationale: Most indications require INR 2–3.
3. Heparin is monitored using:
A. INR
B. aPTT
C. PT only
D. Blood glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: aPTT measures intrinsic clotting pathway.
4. A drop in platelets during heparin therapy suggests:
A. HIT
,B. Infection
C. Anemia
D. Diabetes
Answer: A
Rationale: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is immune-mediated.
5. First-line treatment for anaphylaxis:
A. Epinephrine
B. Insulin
C. Digoxin
D. Warfarin
Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine reverses airway and vascular collapse.
6. Opioids cause respiratory depression by acting on:
A. CNS
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Pancreas
Answer: A
Rationale: They suppress brain respiratory centers.
7. Naloxone is used for:
A. Opioid overdose
B. Warfarin toxicity
C. Insulin overdose
D. Infection
Answer: A
Rationale: Opioid receptor antagonist.
8. Insulin + sweating + confusion requires first:
A. Check blood glucose
B. Give insulin
C. Give antihypertensive
, D. Call pharmacy
Answer: A
Rationale: Indicates hypoglycemia.
9. Rapid-acting insulin is:
A. Lispro
B. NPH
C. Glargine
D. Detemir
Answer: A
Rationale: Fastest onset insulin.
10. Long-acting insulin is:
A. Glargine
B. Lispro
C. Regular
D. NPH
Answer: A
Rationale: Provides 24-hour basal coverage.
11–20
11. Metformin is contraindicated in:
A. Renal failure
B. Hypertension
C. Asthma
D. Infection
Answer: A
Rationale: Risk of lactic acidosis.
12. Metformin works by:
A. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
B. Increasing insulin release
C. Blocking digestion
D. Increasing appetite
