Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
TEST BANK
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Essentials for Clinical Practice
Linda Herrmann, Nancy C. Tkacs
2nd Edition
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Foundational Concepts of Clinical Practice
Chapter 2 Chemical and Biochemical Foundations
Chapter 3 Molecular Biology, Genetics, andGenetic Diseases
Chapter 4 Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology
Chapter 5 Infectious Disease
Chapter 6 The Immune System and Leukocyte Function
Chapter 7 Neoplasia
Chapter 8 Blood and Clotting
Chapter 9 Circulation
Chapter 10 Heart
Chapter 11 Lungs
Chapter 12 Kidneys
Chapter 13Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 14 Liver
Chapter 15 Nervous System
Chapter 16 Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 17 Endocrine System
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF
CLINICALPRACTICE
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation
include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is
initiated by momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
that causes localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin.
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the
movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following
cells arrives early in great numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is
the initial step in the process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing
C) Antigen margination
D) Recognition and adherence
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased
capillary permeability and pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types.
Which of the following exudates is composed of enmeshed
necrotic cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of
the onset of inflammation and includes:
A) fever and lethargy.
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
C) positive nitrogen balance.
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is
characterized by which of the following phenomena?
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
A) Profuse fibrinous exudation
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria
in the blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
C) block viral replication in cells.
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while
attempted
. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute
inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the
following events will occur during the vascular stage of the
patients inflammation?
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
. experiencing chronic inflammation?
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory
infection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal
range?
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F)
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
B) 38.0C (100.4F)
C) 35.5C (95.9F)
D) 37.3C (99.1F)
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic
recovery unit
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is
likely to be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to
reduce heat loss?
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles
D) Decreased urine production
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of
a
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket
while she sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following
mechanisms of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her
request?
A) Evaporation and conduction
B) Radiation and convection
C) Conduction and convection
D) Convection and evaporation
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of
inducing
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
A) Acute inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
. developing a neurogenic fever?
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
A) A patient who has stage II Alzheimer disease
B) A patient who has sustained a head injury in a bicycle crash
C) A patient who has become delirious after the
administration of a benzodiazepine
D) A patient who has begun taking a selective serotonin-reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of depression
17 Patients are commonly administered antipyretics when their oral
temperature
. exceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements
related to the rationale for this action is most accurate?
A) Temperatures in excess of 37.5C (99.5F) can result in seizure
activity.
B) Lower temperatures inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria.
C) There is little empirical evidence for this treatment modality.
D) Most common antipyretics have been shown to have little
effect on core temperature.
18 A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever.
Upon
. assessment, the patient states that his current fever began two
days earlier, although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a
cycle of high fever for a couple of days followed by a day or two of
normal temperature. Which of the following fever patterns is this
patient experiencing?
A) Recurrent fever
B) Remittent fever
C) Sustained fever
D) Intermittent fever
19 A febrile, 3-week-old infant has been brought to the emergency
department
. by his parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to
determine the cause of his fever. Which of the following statements
best conveys the rationale for this careful examination?
A) The immature hypothalamus is unable to perform
normal thermoregulation.
TEST BANK
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Essentials for Clinical Practice
Linda Herrmann, Nancy C. Tkacs
2nd Edition
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Foundational Concepts of Clinical Practice
Chapter 2 Chemical and Biochemical Foundations
Chapter 3 Molecular Biology, Genetics, andGenetic Diseases
Chapter 4 Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology
Chapter 5 Infectious Disease
Chapter 6 The Immune System and Leukocyte Function
Chapter 7 Neoplasia
Chapter 8 Blood and Clotting
Chapter 9 Circulation
Chapter 10 Heart
Chapter 11 Lungs
Chapter 12 Kidneys
Chapter 13Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 14 Liver
Chapter 15 Nervous System
Chapter 16 Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 17 Endocrine System
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF
CLINICALPRACTICE
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation
include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is
initiated by momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
that causes localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin.
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the
movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following
cells arrives early in great numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is
the initial step in the process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing
C) Antigen margination
D) Recognition and adherence
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased
capillary permeability and pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types.
Which of the following exudates is composed of enmeshed
necrotic cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of
the onset of inflammation and includes:
A) fever and lethargy.
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
C) positive nitrogen balance.
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is
characterized by which of the following phenomena?
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
A) Profuse fibrinous exudation
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria
in the blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
C) block viral replication in cells.
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while
attempted
. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute
inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the
following events will occur during the vascular stage of the
patients inflammation?
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
. experiencing chronic inflammation?
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory
infection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal
range?
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F)
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
B) 38.0C (100.4F)
C) 35.5C (95.9F)
D) 37.3C (99.1F)
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic
recovery unit
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is
likely to be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to
reduce heat loss?
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles
D) Decreased urine production
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of
a
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket
while she sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following
mechanisms of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her
request?
A) Evaporation and conduction
B) Radiation and convection
C) Conduction and convection
D) Convection and evaporation
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of
inducing
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
A) Acute inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
. developing a neurogenic fever?
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition (Herrmann, 2025) - Test Bank
A) A patient who has stage II Alzheimer disease
B) A patient who has sustained a head injury in a bicycle crash
C) A patient who has become delirious after the
administration of a benzodiazepine
D) A patient who has begun taking a selective serotonin-reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of depression
17 Patients are commonly administered antipyretics when their oral
temperature
. exceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements
related to the rationale for this action is most accurate?
A) Temperatures in excess of 37.5C (99.5F) can result in seizure
activity.
B) Lower temperatures inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria.
C) There is little empirical evidence for this treatment modality.
D) Most common antipyretics have been shown to have little
effect on core temperature.
18 A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever.
Upon
. assessment, the patient states that his current fever began two
days earlier, although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a
cycle of high fever for a couple of days followed by a day or two of
normal temperature. Which of the following fever patterns is this
patient experiencing?
A) Recurrent fever
B) Remittent fever
C) Sustained fever
D) Intermittent fever
19 A febrile, 3-week-old infant has been brought to the emergency
department
. by his parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to
determine the cause of his fever. Which of the following statements
best conveys the rationale for this careful examination?
A) The immature hypothalamus is unable to perform
normal thermoregulation.
