,TESTBANK FOR The Handbook of Health Behavior
Change, 6th Edition Cradock
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,The Handbook of Health Behavior Change
Sixth Edition
Angie L. Cradock, ScD, MPE
Kristina H. Lewis, MD, MPH, SM
Justin B. Moore, PhD, MS
Editors
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company
,Copyright © 2025 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of
the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
www.springerpub.com
ISBN: 978-0-8261-4268-9
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be
reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally
accepted at the time of publication. Because medical science is continually advancing, our
knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore, as new information becomes available, changes
in procedures become necessary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research
and specific institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure or delivering any
medication. The author and publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or
exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the
information contained in this book. The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and
does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
, Contents
Chapter 1: How Policy, Society, and Economics Shape Health
Behaviors 1
Chapter 2: Population Health, Social Ecology, and Community-
Engaged Research 4
Chapter 3: Interventions with the Family System: Translating Theory
into Practice 8
Chapter 4: Individual-Level Theories 11
Chapter 5: Developmental and Cultural Influences on Behavior and
Health 15
Chapter 6: Measuring Health Behaviors at the Individual and
Community Levels 18
Chapter 7: Dietary Behavioral Change 22
Chapter 8: Physical Activity 25
Chapter 9: Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs 28
Chapter 10: Vaccines 31
Chapter 11: Sexual and Reproductive Health 34
Chapter 12: Behavior Change Approaches to Preventing Unintentional
Injuries 38
Chapter 13: Screening for Cancer 41
,Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Disease: A Focus on Primary and
Secondary Prevention 44
Chapter 15: Dietary Management Behaviors: The Key to Optimal
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 48
Chapter 16: Obesity 51
Chapter 17: Mental and Behavioral Health 54
Chapter 18: School Interventions to Support Health Behavior
Change 58
Chapter 19: Chronic Disease Prevention in the Worksite 61
Chapter 20: Healthcare Provider and System Interventions Promoting
Health Behavior Change 65
Chapter 21: The Roles of the Built Environment in Supporting
Health Behavior Change 69
, Chapter 1
How Policy, Society, and Economics Shape Health
Behaviors
1. Which of the following is TRUE of health behaviors?
A. They occur in a vacuum.
*B. They are shaped by a person’s environment.
C. They are static.
D. They are most heavily influenced by genetics.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) They are shaped by a person’s environment.
Health behaviors are shaped by the environment in which the person exhibits the
behavior. For example, if an individual lives in a neighborhood without access to a
grocery store, the individual may be more likely to eat processed food than fresh fruits
and vegetables. Health behaviors do not occur in a vacuum since they are influenced by
several different external and internal factors. Health behaviors also are not static,
because people change their behaviors for different reasons. Finally, although some
health behaviors can be influenced by genetics, there are several other factors that can
influence these behaviors.
2. Which of the following is the BEST example of externality?
A. The Affordable Care Act mandating health insurance coverage
*B. Tobacco companies paying the government to recover costs from the
negative impacts of smoking
C. Doctors persuading a patient to choose a treatment so they can increase their
profit
D. People engaging in risky behaviors because they have insurance coverage
1
, CORRECT ANSWER: B) Tobacco companies paying the government to recover
costs from the negative impacts of smoking.
Externality describes the impact to a third party that is not included in the price of a trade
between a producer and a consumer. The cost of cigarettes does not reflect the health
consequences of secondhand smoke, so tobacco companies recovering costs from these
negative impacts is an example of externality. The Affordable Care Act mandating health
insurance coverage and doctors persuading patients to choose certain treatments are
examples of asymmetric information. Finally, people engaging in risky behaviors because
they are covered is an example of moral hazard.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about behavioral economic interventions?
A. Taxes often deter people from choosing certain goods or services.
B. Penalties are imposed when people make unhealthy choices.
C. Freedom and the ability to make choices are limited.
*D. Nudges are used to help people make healthier choices.
CORRECT ANSWER: D) Nudges are used to help people make healthier choices.
Behavioral economic interventions use nudges to change behavior. These interventions
do not involve imposing taxes or other penalties. These interventions also support a
person’s ability to make their own choices. They very minimally limit people’s freedom
and ability to make choices.
4. What evaluation type is MOST likely to include quality-adjusted life years as a main
outcome measure?
A. Cost minimization analysis
B. Cost-effectiveness analysis
*C. Cost-utility analysis
D. Cost-benefit analysis
2
, CORRECT ANSWER: C) Cost-utility analysis
Cost-utility analysis expresses outcomes as the number of life years adjusted for change
in the quality of life. Health outcomes are transformed into quality-adjusted life years to
capture mortality and morbidity during cost-utility analysis. For cost-minimization and
cost-effectiveness analysis, all competing alternatives are measured by the same outcome.
For the cost-benefit analysis, all outcomes are transformed into a monetary unit.
5. Opponents of “sin taxes” argue that individuals from which group are MORE likely to
be disproportionately affected by these taxes?
A. Children
B. Females
*C. Low-income individuals
D. White individuals
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Low-income individuals
Opponents of “sin taxes” argue that these taxes disproportionately affect low-income
individuals since they spend a larger portion of their disposable income on these
products. Children, females, and White individuals may be impacted by these “sin taxes,”
but they are not disproportionately affected by these taxes.
3
, Chapter 2
Population Health, Social Ecology, and Community-
Engaged Research
1. Which of the following descriptions of epidemiology is CORRECT?
*A. It deals with disease investigation, measurement, and tracking.
B. It focuses on understanding the health outcomes of a specific population.
C. It aims to change behavior and cognition to promote health.
D. It is concerned with the interrelations between organisms and their
environment.
CORRECT ANSWER: A) It deals with disease investigation, measurement, and
tracking.
Epidemiology involves using tools to investigate, measure, and track disease to describe
health trends over time within populations and among subgroups. Population health, not
epidemiology, focuses on understanding the outcomes of a specific population and
focuses on the health of a community or population. Models of individual behavior
change aim to promote changing behavior and cognition to promote health. Although
epidemiology may be used to determine health trends, it does not focus on behavior or
cognition change. Finally, ecology, not epidemiology, concerns the interrelations
between organisms and their environment.
2. Which of the following is the BEST example of an institutional factor within the
socioecological model?
A. Public policies
B. Social media
C. Natural environment
4
Change, 6th Edition Cradock
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,The Handbook of Health Behavior Change
Sixth Edition
Angie L. Cradock, ScD, MPE
Kristina H. Lewis, MD, MPH, SM
Justin B. Moore, PhD, MS
Editors
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company
,Copyright © 2025 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of
the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
www.springerpub.com
ISBN: 978-0-8261-4268-9
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be
reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally
accepted at the time of publication. Because medical science is continually advancing, our
knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore, as new information becomes available, changes
in procedures become necessary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research
and specific institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure or delivering any
medication. The author and publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or
exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the
information contained in this book. The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and
does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
, Contents
Chapter 1: How Policy, Society, and Economics Shape Health
Behaviors 1
Chapter 2: Population Health, Social Ecology, and Community-
Engaged Research 4
Chapter 3: Interventions with the Family System: Translating Theory
into Practice 8
Chapter 4: Individual-Level Theories 11
Chapter 5: Developmental and Cultural Influences on Behavior and
Health 15
Chapter 6: Measuring Health Behaviors at the Individual and
Community Levels 18
Chapter 7: Dietary Behavioral Change 22
Chapter 8: Physical Activity 25
Chapter 9: Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs 28
Chapter 10: Vaccines 31
Chapter 11: Sexual and Reproductive Health 34
Chapter 12: Behavior Change Approaches to Preventing Unintentional
Injuries 38
Chapter 13: Screening for Cancer 41
,Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Disease: A Focus on Primary and
Secondary Prevention 44
Chapter 15: Dietary Management Behaviors: The Key to Optimal
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 48
Chapter 16: Obesity 51
Chapter 17: Mental and Behavioral Health 54
Chapter 18: School Interventions to Support Health Behavior
Change 58
Chapter 19: Chronic Disease Prevention in the Worksite 61
Chapter 20: Healthcare Provider and System Interventions Promoting
Health Behavior Change 65
Chapter 21: The Roles of the Built Environment in Supporting
Health Behavior Change 69
, Chapter 1
How Policy, Society, and Economics Shape Health
Behaviors
1. Which of the following is TRUE of health behaviors?
A. They occur in a vacuum.
*B. They are shaped by a person’s environment.
C. They are static.
D. They are most heavily influenced by genetics.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) They are shaped by a person’s environment.
Health behaviors are shaped by the environment in which the person exhibits the
behavior. For example, if an individual lives in a neighborhood without access to a
grocery store, the individual may be more likely to eat processed food than fresh fruits
and vegetables. Health behaviors do not occur in a vacuum since they are influenced by
several different external and internal factors. Health behaviors also are not static,
because people change their behaviors for different reasons. Finally, although some
health behaviors can be influenced by genetics, there are several other factors that can
influence these behaviors.
2. Which of the following is the BEST example of externality?
A. The Affordable Care Act mandating health insurance coverage
*B. Tobacco companies paying the government to recover costs from the
negative impacts of smoking
C. Doctors persuading a patient to choose a treatment so they can increase their
profit
D. People engaging in risky behaviors because they have insurance coverage
1
, CORRECT ANSWER: B) Tobacco companies paying the government to recover
costs from the negative impacts of smoking.
Externality describes the impact to a third party that is not included in the price of a trade
between a producer and a consumer. The cost of cigarettes does not reflect the health
consequences of secondhand smoke, so tobacco companies recovering costs from these
negative impacts is an example of externality. The Affordable Care Act mandating health
insurance coverage and doctors persuading patients to choose certain treatments are
examples of asymmetric information. Finally, people engaging in risky behaviors because
they are covered is an example of moral hazard.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about behavioral economic interventions?
A. Taxes often deter people from choosing certain goods or services.
B. Penalties are imposed when people make unhealthy choices.
C. Freedom and the ability to make choices are limited.
*D. Nudges are used to help people make healthier choices.
CORRECT ANSWER: D) Nudges are used to help people make healthier choices.
Behavioral economic interventions use nudges to change behavior. These interventions
do not involve imposing taxes or other penalties. These interventions also support a
person’s ability to make their own choices. They very minimally limit people’s freedom
and ability to make choices.
4. What evaluation type is MOST likely to include quality-adjusted life years as a main
outcome measure?
A. Cost minimization analysis
B. Cost-effectiveness analysis
*C. Cost-utility analysis
D. Cost-benefit analysis
2
, CORRECT ANSWER: C) Cost-utility analysis
Cost-utility analysis expresses outcomes as the number of life years adjusted for change
in the quality of life. Health outcomes are transformed into quality-adjusted life years to
capture mortality and morbidity during cost-utility analysis. For cost-minimization and
cost-effectiveness analysis, all competing alternatives are measured by the same outcome.
For the cost-benefit analysis, all outcomes are transformed into a monetary unit.
5. Opponents of “sin taxes” argue that individuals from which group are MORE likely to
be disproportionately affected by these taxes?
A. Children
B. Females
*C. Low-income individuals
D. White individuals
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Low-income individuals
Opponents of “sin taxes” argue that these taxes disproportionately affect low-income
individuals since they spend a larger portion of their disposable income on these
products. Children, females, and White individuals may be impacted by these “sin taxes,”
but they are not disproportionately affected by these taxes.
3
, Chapter 2
Population Health, Social Ecology, and Community-
Engaged Research
1. Which of the following descriptions of epidemiology is CORRECT?
*A. It deals with disease investigation, measurement, and tracking.
B. It focuses on understanding the health outcomes of a specific population.
C. It aims to change behavior and cognition to promote health.
D. It is concerned with the interrelations between organisms and their
environment.
CORRECT ANSWER: A) It deals with disease investigation, measurement, and
tracking.
Epidemiology involves using tools to investigate, measure, and track disease to describe
health trends over time within populations and among subgroups. Population health, not
epidemiology, focuses on understanding the outcomes of a specific population and
focuses on the health of a community or population. Models of individual behavior
change aim to promote changing behavior and cognition to promote health. Although
epidemiology may be used to determine health trends, it does not focus on behavior or
cognition change. Finally, ecology, not epidemiology, concerns the interrelations
between organisms and their environment.
2. Which of the following is the BEST example of an institutional factor within the
socioecological model?
A. Public policies
B. Social media
C. Natural environment
4
