EMS 1055 EXAMS TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔Signs of inadequate breathing - ✔✔if they are breathing then they have a pulse
cyanosis
accessory muscle usage
grunting
see-saw respirations
nasal flaring
tripoding.
✔✔Know the indications for each oxygen delivery device (BVM, NRBM, NC, Venturi) -
✔✔BVM: do not use with Boots (beards, obesity, older, toothless, snores, or stridor)
typically unconscious patients
NRBM: high flow. conscious
NC: low flow
Venturi: (COPD) specific oxygen needed.
✔✔BVM - ✔✔Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator
handheld device attached to a resuscitation mask that is used to ventilate a victim in
respiratory arrest or when performing CPR. It requires two rescuers: one to maintain a
tight seal for the mask, one to squeeze the bag
10-15 LPM
90-100%
✔✔Non-rebreather mask - ✔✔allows higher levels of oxygen to be added to the air
taken in by the patient.
10-15 LPM
70-90%
✔✔Nasal cannula - ✔✔A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two
prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils.
2-6 LPM
25-40%
✔✔Venturi mask - ✔✔A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific
concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.
✔✔Know how to open an airway and when to do it - ✔✔Head tilt chin lift: place patient
on back-place on hand on forehead and apply firm pressure backward-place tips of your
fingers under the bony part of the lower jaw-lift chin forward and tilt back the headDO
NOT USE on suspected c-spine injury
Jaw thrust:-place patient on back-place on hand on forehead and apply firm pressure
backward-place tips of your fingers under the bony part of the lower jaw-lift chin forward
and tilt back the head
,✔✔Know how to use suction - ✔✔DO NOT suction for more than 15 seconds at a time.
yankauer device. place a finger over the hole of the device to initiate suction.
potential blocks include: secretions such as vomit, mucus or blood.foreign objects:
candy, food, or dirtif you find anything in the patient's mouth remove it by finger sweep
or suction (do not suction more than 15 seconds) yankauerif mouth is clear use an
airway device
✔✔Be familiar with topographical anatomy - ✔✔anterior
posterior
midline
medial
lateral
proximal
distal
superior
inferior
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front of the body
✔✔Posterior - ✔✔toward the back
✔✔midline of the body - ✔✔the imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into
equal right and left halves
✔✔medial - ✔✔Toward the midline of the body
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
✔✔distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk
✔✔superior - ✔✔Higher on the body, nearer to the head
✔✔Inferior - ✔✔Lower on the body, farther from the head
✔✔Know how to assess AVPU - ✔✔Alert: eyes open
Verbal: eyes closed but makes noise when spoken to
Pain: sternal rub
Unresponsive
, ✔✔Know how to assess a GCS - ✔✔use table given
✔✔Know the different lung sounds - ✔✔normal
diminished
wheezes
rhonchi
rales (course and fine)
stridor
Stridor: strained, high pitched sound heard on inspirations. caused by upper airway
obstruction in pharynx or larynxin: above vocal cordsout: below vocal cordscorse
rales: fluid in lungs, crackly (like someone sucking up pop)
fine rales: same as corse, but more low pitched and crackly
wheezes: continuous high pitched whistling sound. bronchioles restricts. asthma,
COPD, anaphylaxis.
rhonchi: in the bronchi, rattling noise, mucous in lungs, and upper airway
✔✔normal lung sounds - ✔✔
✔✔diminished lung sounds - ✔✔faint or completely inaudible usually due to decreased
airflow r/t bronchial obstruction or fluid/tissue separates air passages from stethoscope
(obese).
✔✔wheezes - ✔✔continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves
through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages.
asthma(expiratory), COPD, anaphylactic
✔✔rales (crackles) - ✔✔fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation)
when there is fluid in the alveoli. rhonchi
✔✔stridor - ✔✔strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction
in the pharynx or larynx
inspiration: above vocal cords
expiration: below vocal cords
✔✔Know the order of the trauma assessment - ✔✔XABC's
○ Scene Size-Up
Hazards (power lines, gas, animals, people)
PPE / standard precautions
Number of patients (establish command, additional resources)
MOI (anticipate type and severity of injuries)
○ Initial assessment
■ General impression
● Age, sex, weight, general appearance, position, purposeful movement, obvious
injuries, skin color
SURE A+
✔✔Signs of inadequate breathing - ✔✔if they are breathing then they have a pulse
cyanosis
accessory muscle usage
grunting
see-saw respirations
nasal flaring
tripoding.
✔✔Know the indications for each oxygen delivery device (BVM, NRBM, NC, Venturi) -
✔✔BVM: do not use with Boots (beards, obesity, older, toothless, snores, or stridor)
typically unconscious patients
NRBM: high flow. conscious
NC: low flow
Venturi: (COPD) specific oxygen needed.
✔✔BVM - ✔✔Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator
handheld device attached to a resuscitation mask that is used to ventilate a victim in
respiratory arrest or when performing CPR. It requires two rescuers: one to maintain a
tight seal for the mask, one to squeeze the bag
10-15 LPM
90-100%
✔✔Non-rebreather mask - ✔✔allows higher levels of oxygen to be added to the air
taken in by the patient.
10-15 LPM
70-90%
✔✔Nasal cannula - ✔✔A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two
prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils.
2-6 LPM
25-40%
✔✔Venturi mask - ✔✔A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific
concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.
✔✔Know how to open an airway and when to do it - ✔✔Head tilt chin lift: place patient
on back-place on hand on forehead and apply firm pressure backward-place tips of your
fingers under the bony part of the lower jaw-lift chin forward and tilt back the headDO
NOT USE on suspected c-spine injury
Jaw thrust:-place patient on back-place on hand on forehead and apply firm pressure
backward-place tips of your fingers under the bony part of the lower jaw-lift chin forward
and tilt back the head
,✔✔Know how to use suction - ✔✔DO NOT suction for more than 15 seconds at a time.
yankauer device. place a finger over the hole of the device to initiate suction.
potential blocks include: secretions such as vomit, mucus or blood.foreign objects:
candy, food, or dirtif you find anything in the patient's mouth remove it by finger sweep
or suction (do not suction more than 15 seconds) yankauerif mouth is clear use an
airway device
✔✔Be familiar with topographical anatomy - ✔✔anterior
posterior
midline
medial
lateral
proximal
distal
superior
inferior
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front of the body
✔✔Posterior - ✔✔toward the back
✔✔midline of the body - ✔✔the imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into
equal right and left halves
✔✔medial - ✔✔Toward the midline of the body
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
✔✔distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk
✔✔superior - ✔✔Higher on the body, nearer to the head
✔✔Inferior - ✔✔Lower on the body, farther from the head
✔✔Know how to assess AVPU - ✔✔Alert: eyes open
Verbal: eyes closed but makes noise when spoken to
Pain: sternal rub
Unresponsive
, ✔✔Know how to assess a GCS - ✔✔use table given
✔✔Know the different lung sounds - ✔✔normal
diminished
wheezes
rhonchi
rales (course and fine)
stridor
Stridor: strained, high pitched sound heard on inspirations. caused by upper airway
obstruction in pharynx or larynxin: above vocal cordsout: below vocal cordscorse
rales: fluid in lungs, crackly (like someone sucking up pop)
fine rales: same as corse, but more low pitched and crackly
wheezes: continuous high pitched whistling sound. bronchioles restricts. asthma,
COPD, anaphylaxis.
rhonchi: in the bronchi, rattling noise, mucous in lungs, and upper airway
✔✔normal lung sounds - ✔✔
✔✔diminished lung sounds - ✔✔faint or completely inaudible usually due to decreased
airflow r/t bronchial obstruction or fluid/tissue separates air passages from stethoscope
(obese).
✔✔wheezes - ✔✔continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves
through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages.
asthma(expiratory), COPD, anaphylactic
✔✔rales (crackles) - ✔✔fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation)
when there is fluid in the alveoli. rhonchi
✔✔stridor - ✔✔strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction
in the pharynx or larynx
inspiration: above vocal cords
expiration: below vocal cords
✔✔Know the order of the trauma assessment - ✔✔XABC's
○ Scene Size-Up
Hazards (power lines, gas, animals, people)
PPE / standard precautions
Number of patients (establish command, additional resources)
MOI (anticipate type and severity of injuries)
○ Initial assessment
■ General impression
● Age, sex, weight, general appearance, position, purposeful movement, obvious
injuries, skin color
