EMS1055 MAIN EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔Know how to apply KED - ✔✔Only use in STABLE patients.
middle, bottom, legs, head, top
"my baby looks hot tonight"
✔✔Know how CPP is determined - ✔✔CPP= MAP-ICP
✔✔Know the signs and symptoms of cerebral herniation - ✔✔Brain forced downward
CSF flow obstructed, pressure on brainstem
Level of consciousness
Decreasing, rapid progression to coma
lock jaw
Aggressive therapy needed
"Slight" Hyperventilation is indicated
20-22 bpm
✔✔Know how to treat pelvic fractures - ✔✔A pelvis fracture is a break of the ring of
bones that connect your spine to the hips.
These fractures usually result from high energy injuries such as car accidents or falls
from a height in younger patients and most often from falls in elderly patients.
treatment: Can easily lose 1-2L blood or more
Treat for shock
Apply pelvic binder to reduce bleeding
can use a KED as well
✔✔Two rhythms that an AED will "shock" - ✔✔Cardiac arrhythmias: ventricular
tachycardia (v-tach) and ventricular fibrillation (v-fib)
✔✔How many weeks for a viable neonate? - ✔✔23 weeks
✔✔Two types of posturing and what do they indicate - ✔✔Decorticate: at the "core";
arms point up = high brain injury. arms flexed, legs extended
Decerebrate: the arms point down = low brain injury arms and legs extended.
✔✔Know the signs of abdominal trauma - ✔✔Kher's
Cullen's
Grey turner's
Abdominal distention, tenderness, guarding
Pelvic tenderness or bony crepitation
,✔✔know how to bandage injuries - ✔✔spica bandage of shoulder
recurrent bandage of stump
spiral reverse
figure 8
recurrent bandage of head
barton bandage
many tailed bandage
four tailed bandage
scultetus bandage
✔✔Spica Bandage - ✔✔
✔✔Recurrent bandage - ✔✔a bandage that is laid back and forth across the tape of a
dressing and then anchored
for head or stump
✔✔spiral reverse - ✔✔1. venous wounds
2. cones
3. lower arm, thigh, leg
4. wrap distal to proximal joint of body ascending with a descending turn on the anterior
side to begin going around leg again
✔✔Figure 8 bandage - ✔✔injury of the elbow, knee
✔✔Barton Bandage - ✔✔Frequently used for fractures of the lower jaw and to retain
compresses to the chin
✔✔many tailed bandage - ✔✔
✔✔Scultetus binder - ✔✔
✔✔Know the difference between an anterior and posterior hip dislocation - ✔✔anterior:
is commonly reduced by inline traction and external rotation, with an assistant pushing
on the femoral head or pulling the femur laterally to assist reduction.
(Out)
posterior: are the most common type and are reduced by placing longitudinal traction
with internal rotation on the hip.
(in)
✔✔know what fractures result in severe hemorrhage - ✔✔closed pelvic fracture
closed femur fracture
, amputations
✔✔Know how to apply triage tag in MCI - ✔✔red
yellow
green
black
✔✔Red Tag (MCI) - ✔✔1. Immediate care (Priority 1 patient)
2. RR>30, Cap. Refill > 2 sec.
3. Cant follow commands
✔✔Yellow Tag (MCI) - ✔✔Priority 2 (delayed). can't walk
✔✔Green Tag (MCI) - ✔✔Minimal Injury (walking wounded)
✔✔Black Tag (MCI) - ✔✔Not expected to live or dead
✔✔Know the causes of cardiac arrest - ✔✔H's and T's
H's - Hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypothermia, hyperkalemia
T's - Tension pneumothorax, tamponade, thrombus (cardiac), thrombus (pulmonary),
toxins.
AMI, myocardial contusion, cardiac arrest secondary shock.
children: respiratory distress.
It is triggered by an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat
(arrhythmia). With its pumping action disrupted, the heart cannot pump blood to the
brain, lungs and other organs
✔✔Know how to treat chemical burns - ✔✔Tissue damage
Concentration, amount, manner, duration of contact, mechanism of chemical action
Initial skin changes minimal even when severe-Onset: systemic (lungs, internal organs)
Not immediate
treatment:Remove source
Wear appropriate protective gear
Remove clothing (place in plastic bags)
If dry chemical, brush from skin
Flush copiously with water
Remove retained agent
Prevent secondary contamination
✔✔Know how to use the Rule of 9's - ✔✔Used in adults, body is divided into areas
(multiples of 9) that represent 9% of total burn
SURE A+
✔✔Know how to apply KED - ✔✔Only use in STABLE patients.
middle, bottom, legs, head, top
"my baby looks hot tonight"
✔✔Know how CPP is determined - ✔✔CPP= MAP-ICP
✔✔Know the signs and symptoms of cerebral herniation - ✔✔Brain forced downward
CSF flow obstructed, pressure on brainstem
Level of consciousness
Decreasing, rapid progression to coma
lock jaw
Aggressive therapy needed
"Slight" Hyperventilation is indicated
20-22 bpm
✔✔Know how to treat pelvic fractures - ✔✔A pelvis fracture is a break of the ring of
bones that connect your spine to the hips.
These fractures usually result from high energy injuries such as car accidents or falls
from a height in younger patients and most often from falls in elderly patients.
treatment: Can easily lose 1-2L blood or more
Treat for shock
Apply pelvic binder to reduce bleeding
can use a KED as well
✔✔Two rhythms that an AED will "shock" - ✔✔Cardiac arrhythmias: ventricular
tachycardia (v-tach) and ventricular fibrillation (v-fib)
✔✔How many weeks for a viable neonate? - ✔✔23 weeks
✔✔Two types of posturing and what do they indicate - ✔✔Decorticate: at the "core";
arms point up = high brain injury. arms flexed, legs extended
Decerebrate: the arms point down = low brain injury arms and legs extended.
✔✔Know the signs of abdominal trauma - ✔✔Kher's
Cullen's
Grey turner's
Abdominal distention, tenderness, guarding
Pelvic tenderness or bony crepitation
,✔✔know how to bandage injuries - ✔✔spica bandage of shoulder
recurrent bandage of stump
spiral reverse
figure 8
recurrent bandage of head
barton bandage
many tailed bandage
four tailed bandage
scultetus bandage
✔✔Spica Bandage - ✔✔
✔✔Recurrent bandage - ✔✔a bandage that is laid back and forth across the tape of a
dressing and then anchored
for head or stump
✔✔spiral reverse - ✔✔1. venous wounds
2. cones
3. lower arm, thigh, leg
4. wrap distal to proximal joint of body ascending with a descending turn on the anterior
side to begin going around leg again
✔✔Figure 8 bandage - ✔✔injury of the elbow, knee
✔✔Barton Bandage - ✔✔Frequently used for fractures of the lower jaw and to retain
compresses to the chin
✔✔many tailed bandage - ✔✔
✔✔Scultetus binder - ✔✔
✔✔Know the difference between an anterior and posterior hip dislocation - ✔✔anterior:
is commonly reduced by inline traction and external rotation, with an assistant pushing
on the femoral head or pulling the femur laterally to assist reduction.
(Out)
posterior: are the most common type and are reduced by placing longitudinal traction
with internal rotation on the hip.
(in)
✔✔know what fractures result in severe hemorrhage - ✔✔closed pelvic fracture
closed femur fracture
, amputations
✔✔Know how to apply triage tag in MCI - ✔✔red
yellow
green
black
✔✔Red Tag (MCI) - ✔✔1. Immediate care (Priority 1 patient)
2. RR>30, Cap. Refill > 2 sec.
3. Cant follow commands
✔✔Yellow Tag (MCI) - ✔✔Priority 2 (delayed). can't walk
✔✔Green Tag (MCI) - ✔✔Minimal Injury (walking wounded)
✔✔Black Tag (MCI) - ✔✔Not expected to live or dead
✔✔Know the causes of cardiac arrest - ✔✔H's and T's
H's - Hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypothermia, hyperkalemia
T's - Tension pneumothorax, tamponade, thrombus (cardiac), thrombus (pulmonary),
toxins.
AMI, myocardial contusion, cardiac arrest secondary shock.
children: respiratory distress.
It is triggered by an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat
(arrhythmia). With its pumping action disrupted, the heart cannot pump blood to the
brain, lungs and other organs
✔✔Know how to treat chemical burns - ✔✔Tissue damage
Concentration, amount, manner, duration of contact, mechanism of chemical action
Initial skin changes minimal even when severe-Onset: systemic (lungs, internal organs)
Not immediate
treatment:Remove source
Wear appropriate protective gear
Remove clothing (place in plastic bags)
If dry chemical, brush from skin
Flush copiously with water
Remove retained agent
Prevent secondary contamination
✔✔Know how to use the Rule of 9's - ✔✔Used in adults, body is divided into areas
(multiples of 9) that represent 9% of total burn
