EMS1055 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Heart Failure-Right Sided - ✔✔Nausea, anorexia, bloating, early satiety, abdominal
discomfort, JVD, Edema, Hepatojugular reflux, Jaundice Transport, Assist with any
current medications
✔✔GI Bleed-Upper - ✔✔Often painless, Hematemesis (digested blood in stool, dark
colored) Fecal occult Blood test
✔✔GI Bleed-Lower - ✔✔Often painless, Hematochezia (bright red blood in stool) Fecal
occult Blood test
✔✔Pneumonia - ✔✔Productive cough, colored sputum, dyspnea Rhonchi lung sounds
✔✔Pulmonary Embolism - ✔✔Chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea Skin Cyanosis, pale,
diaphoretic, tachycardia, tachypnea, possible wheezes
✔✔Seizures - ✔✔Aura prior to beginning, unconscious, cannot speak or look at you,
Muscle rigidity, convulsions, Protect the patient from injury while actively seizing, DO
NOT restrain or put anything in their mouth, post-seizure put them in a recovery position
✔✔Placenta Previa - ✔✔Painless, Bright red vaginal bleeding pregnancy complication
transport emergently
✔✔Uterine Rupture - ✔✔excessive vaginal bleeding, sudden pain between
contractions, abdominal pain or soreness abnormal heart rate, low blood pressure,
signs of shock, limbs, fingers, ect. are visible through the skin transport emergently
✔✔Epidural Bleed - ✔✔Arterial bleed in the brain, altered levels of consciousness, initial
loss of consciousness then a lucid interval follows, photophobia, high BP, nausea,
vomiting, tinnitus, changes pupils, transport and go, slight hyperventilation
✔✔Subdural Bleed - ✔✔venous brain bleed, onset can take hours up to days, changes
of level of consciousness, alcoholics and elderly high risk, slower onset but more deadly
✔✔Subarachnoid Bleed - ✔✔Blood in the subarachnoid space, intravascular fluid,
thunderclap headache, Berry aneurysm, altered level of consciousness, blood squeezes
the brain, could have symptoms of a CVA
✔✔Severe HTN - ✔✔heart risk disease doubles with each increment 20/10 mmHg,
most patients have no specific symptoms so are diagnosed at a time of a physical
exam, could result in heart failure, accelerates atherosclerosis/coronary artery disease,
increased myocardial oxygen demand on coronary arteries, results in angina, retinal
dysfunction, visual impairment, blindness, occipital headaches, cerebral hemorrhage or
, infarction, altered consciousness, Very High blood pressure : 180/120 is severe,
supportive care and immediate transport
✔✔HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State) - ✔✔complication with diabetes which
results in high blood sugar, most common in type II diabetics, dehydration, weakness,
leg cramps, vision problems, and severely altered LOC, blood glucose higher than 600
mg/dL, no fruity smell in the breath, shallow breathing
✔✔Acute Pancreatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the pancreas, most commonly caused by
gallstones stuck in bile ducts or pancreatic duct, severe upper abdominal pain that
radiates to the back, N/V, fever, tachycardia, Cullen's sign or grey's turners sign in
severe cases, stool may be yellow/pale, less dense, and or have an oily greasy texture,
medical emergency, transport immediately
✔✔Appendicitis - ✔✔pain begins in the right umbilicus and moves into the RLQ
severely, rupture can occur 24-72 hours after onset of symptoms, positive rebound
tenderness, pain can be dull or sharp, exacerbated by jarring movements, N/V, loss of
appetite, fever, chills, transport immediately
✔✔APGAR Score - ✔✔Activity (0-2 points, 1 point being arms and legs flexed), Pulse
(0-2, 1= 100 bpm, 2= over 100 bpm, Grimace: reflex irritability (0=flaccid, 1= some
flexion of extremities, 2= active, motion, cough, sneeze), Appearance (0-2 blue to pink),
respiration (vigorous cry =2), assessed every 5 minutes after birth until in excellent
condition (7-10 points)
✔✔TB (Tuberculosis) - ✔✔risk of active disease in HIV infection with latent TB is 7-
10%, INH prophylaxis, caused my mycobacterium, airborne, highly contagious, most
people are asymptomatic, productive cough, night sweats, poor appetite, weakness,
fever, weight loss, chest pain, supportive car, most important to protect yourself (N95
mask)
✔✔Influenza - ✔✔fever, cough, malaise, sore throat, myalgia, chills, eye pain, sudden
onset, cough has high productive value, croup, bronchiolitis, asthma exacerbation, otitis
media, sinusitis, headache, runny or stuffy nose, weakness, vomiting, achy joints, FDA
approved drugs: Tamiflu, zanamivir, peramivir, baloxavir, vaccine to prevent
✔✔Heat stroke - ✔✔flushed, hot, DRY skin, lethargy, dialted pupils, unconscious
seizures, core body temp can reach 106 degrees, muscle cramps, experience a form of
shock due to water and salt loss, brain and CNS damage, dehydration, treat with
removing patient from environment, clothing, applying cool packs to their groin, neck
and armpits, administer oxygen and transport
✔✔Heat Exhaustion - ✔✔profuse sweating, lightheadedness, dizziness, muscle
cramps, rapid and shallow breathing, weak pulse, treatment to move patient to a cool
✔✔Heart Failure-Right Sided - ✔✔Nausea, anorexia, bloating, early satiety, abdominal
discomfort, JVD, Edema, Hepatojugular reflux, Jaundice Transport, Assist with any
current medications
✔✔GI Bleed-Upper - ✔✔Often painless, Hematemesis (digested blood in stool, dark
colored) Fecal occult Blood test
✔✔GI Bleed-Lower - ✔✔Often painless, Hematochezia (bright red blood in stool) Fecal
occult Blood test
✔✔Pneumonia - ✔✔Productive cough, colored sputum, dyspnea Rhonchi lung sounds
✔✔Pulmonary Embolism - ✔✔Chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea Skin Cyanosis, pale,
diaphoretic, tachycardia, tachypnea, possible wheezes
✔✔Seizures - ✔✔Aura prior to beginning, unconscious, cannot speak or look at you,
Muscle rigidity, convulsions, Protect the patient from injury while actively seizing, DO
NOT restrain or put anything in their mouth, post-seizure put them in a recovery position
✔✔Placenta Previa - ✔✔Painless, Bright red vaginal bleeding pregnancy complication
transport emergently
✔✔Uterine Rupture - ✔✔excessive vaginal bleeding, sudden pain between
contractions, abdominal pain or soreness abnormal heart rate, low blood pressure,
signs of shock, limbs, fingers, ect. are visible through the skin transport emergently
✔✔Epidural Bleed - ✔✔Arterial bleed in the brain, altered levels of consciousness, initial
loss of consciousness then a lucid interval follows, photophobia, high BP, nausea,
vomiting, tinnitus, changes pupils, transport and go, slight hyperventilation
✔✔Subdural Bleed - ✔✔venous brain bleed, onset can take hours up to days, changes
of level of consciousness, alcoholics and elderly high risk, slower onset but more deadly
✔✔Subarachnoid Bleed - ✔✔Blood in the subarachnoid space, intravascular fluid,
thunderclap headache, Berry aneurysm, altered level of consciousness, blood squeezes
the brain, could have symptoms of a CVA
✔✔Severe HTN - ✔✔heart risk disease doubles with each increment 20/10 mmHg,
most patients have no specific symptoms so are diagnosed at a time of a physical
exam, could result in heart failure, accelerates atherosclerosis/coronary artery disease,
increased myocardial oxygen demand on coronary arteries, results in angina, retinal
dysfunction, visual impairment, blindness, occipital headaches, cerebral hemorrhage or
, infarction, altered consciousness, Very High blood pressure : 180/120 is severe,
supportive care and immediate transport
✔✔HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State) - ✔✔complication with diabetes which
results in high blood sugar, most common in type II diabetics, dehydration, weakness,
leg cramps, vision problems, and severely altered LOC, blood glucose higher than 600
mg/dL, no fruity smell in the breath, shallow breathing
✔✔Acute Pancreatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the pancreas, most commonly caused by
gallstones stuck in bile ducts or pancreatic duct, severe upper abdominal pain that
radiates to the back, N/V, fever, tachycardia, Cullen's sign or grey's turners sign in
severe cases, stool may be yellow/pale, less dense, and or have an oily greasy texture,
medical emergency, transport immediately
✔✔Appendicitis - ✔✔pain begins in the right umbilicus and moves into the RLQ
severely, rupture can occur 24-72 hours after onset of symptoms, positive rebound
tenderness, pain can be dull or sharp, exacerbated by jarring movements, N/V, loss of
appetite, fever, chills, transport immediately
✔✔APGAR Score - ✔✔Activity (0-2 points, 1 point being arms and legs flexed), Pulse
(0-2, 1= 100 bpm, 2= over 100 bpm, Grimace: reflex irritability (0=flaccid, 1= some
flexion of extremities, 2= active, motion, cough, sneeze), Appearance (0-2 blue to pink),
respiration (vigorous cry =2), assessed every 5 minutes after birth until in excellent
condition (7-10 points)
✔✔TB (Tuberculosis) - ✔✔risk of active disease in HIV infection with latent TB is 7-
10%, INH prophylaxis, caused my mycobacterium, airborne, highly contagious, most
people are asymptomatic, productive cough, night sweats, poor appetite, weakness,
fever, weight loss, chest pain, supportive car, most important to protect yourself (N95
mask)
✔✔Influenza - ✔✔fever, cough, malaise, sore throat, myalgia, chills, eye pain, sudden
onset, cough has high productive value, croup, bronchiolitis, asthma exacerbation, otitis
media, sinusitis, headache, runny or stuffy nose, weakness, vomiting, achy joints, FDA
approved drugs: Tamiflu, zanamivir, peramivir, baloxavir, vaccine to prevent
✔✔Heat stroke - ✔✔flushed, hot, DRY skin, lethargy, dialted pupils, unconscious
seizures, core body temp can reach 106 degrees, muscle cramps, experience a form of
shock due to water and salt loss, brain and CNS damage, dehydration, treat with
removing patient from environment, clothing, applying cool packs to their groin, neck
and armpits, administer oxygen and transport
✔✔Heat Exhaustion - ✔✔profuse sweating, lightheadedness, dizziness, muscle
cramps, rapid and shallow breathing, weak pulse, treatment to move patient to a cool
