EXAM 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GALEN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EXAM 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GALEN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the pathophysiology for Neisseria gonorrhea, the etiology and its clinical m
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anifestations? - ANSWERS-patho- vz vz


gram negative diplococcus N. Gonorrhea, attaches and penetrates columnar epith
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elium (can occur/spread through lymphatic system)
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etiology- contact with mucous membranes of an infected person
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CM- discharge, dysuria, infertility
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females- asymptomatic, but may have infertility
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males-urethritis, redness, swelling vz vz




What is the pathophysiology of chlamydia, and the clinical manifestations? -
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ANSWERS-patho- C. trachomatis act on columnar epithelium similar to gonorrhea
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CM- the s/s are less severe than gonorrhea
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What is the pathophysiology of syphilis and the etiology? - ANSWERS-patho-
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systemic infection of vascular system
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etiology-
caused by treponema pallidum, pathogens migrate to regional lymph nodes within
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hours (can invade/multiply in any organ system)
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What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis? - ANSWERS-Incubation 10-
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90 days vz vz


primary- painless chancre, untreated resolves in 3-6 weeks
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secondar-
untreated chancre resolve, followed by cutaneous rash, flu like s/
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s (spread throughout bloodstream and lymphatic system)
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latent- no s/s present early latent= contagious, last up to 40years
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tertiary-
cardiovascular and nervous system at risk, aortic necrosis and insufficiency (dama
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ge to CNS paresis, blindness, mental deterioration)
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what is the pathophysiology of genital herpes, its etiology, and clinical manifestation
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s? - ANSWERS-patho- virus in ganglion neurons
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etiology- self-limiting, virus stored in ganglion neurons, stress=trigger activation
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CM- fluid field vesicles after 3-
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7 days incubation, lesions recut at the site of initial occurrence
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females= cervix vz


males= glans penis, foreskin, shaft
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what is the pathophysiology of HPV, and the etiology? - ANSWERS-patho-
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epithelial lesions of anogenital region, infests single epithelial cells-
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divides and proliferates
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(incubation 1-20months) vz


etiology- epithelial lesions- geneital warts
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, what is the clinical manifestations for HPV? - ANSWERS-
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Period of communicability unknown, thought to last as long as lesions persist and p
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ossibly even after removal, single or multiple lesions, soft pink to brown, small-
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large, raised or flat, pruritic, painful, bleed easily
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Females- vagina and cervix, anogenital area vz vz vz vz vz vz


(cervical cancer with some types of warts)
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males- urethra, anogenital areavz vz vz




What is the pathophysiology epididymitis, etiology and clinical manifestations? -
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ANSWERS-patho- bacterial cause with STDs, C. trachomatis, E.coli
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etiology- inflammation of testes vz vz vz


CM- enlarged scrotum, red, tender, fever, pain along spermatic cord
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What is the pathophysiology of Fournier gangrene, the etiology and clinical manifes
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tations ? - ANSWERS-patho- gangrenous necrosis of scrotum
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etiology- alcoholism, DM, perforated urethral diverticulum, non-
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urinary tract source= perirectal abscess, extravasation of infected urine from urethr
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al trauma
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CM-
s/
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s shock (high fever, decreased BP, decreased HR) sepsis, pain, swollen genitalia
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what is pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the etiology, and clinical m
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anifestations ? - ANSWERS-patho- vz vz vz


hyperplasia of glands, compression of urethra, changes in endocrine system
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etiology-unknown, BPH does not predispose pt to prostate cancer vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz


cm-
s/
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s of obstruction, decreased urine stream, forceful, hesitancy, difficulty starting strea
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m, interruption of stream, increased risk for uti due to retention
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what is the pathophysiology of prostatitis, etiology and the clinical manifestations ?
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- ANSWERS-patho- inflammation of prostate
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etiology- bacterial prostatitis= E. coli vz vz vz vz


CM- Acute= fever, chills, low back pain, dysuria
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Chronic- voiding symptoms, localized pain, harder to treat
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what is the pathophysiology of Urethral strictures, etiology and clinical manifestation
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s? - ANSWERS-patho- fibrotic narrowing of urethra caused by scar tissue
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etiology- prior infection= gonorrhea, trauma, straddle injuries
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CM- urinary retention, decreased urinary stream, discharge, infection
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What is the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction, etiology, and clinical manifestat
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ions? - ANSWERS-patho- inability to maintain or achieve an erection
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etiology-
arterial insufficiency, result from excessive venous drainage from penis, decreased
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zsecretion of lutenizing hormone vz vz vz


CM- priapism=painful, persistent erection, inability to maintain erection
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