BIOL 1201 GREGG UPDATED EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔In catalysis - ✔✔enzymes or other catalysts speed up specific reactions by lowering
the EA barrier
✔✔Transition state - ✔✔Exists at a higher energy state than the reactants, EA is always
positive, high energy, unable state
✔✔activation energy (Ea) - ✔✔energy needed to start a chemical reaction
✔✔cellular respiration - ✔✔Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and
other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
✔✔REDOX - ✔✔The chemical reasction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the
reducing agent is oxidized is
✔✔Glycolysis - ✔✔Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, occurs in the
cytoplasm, energy investment and payoff phase
✔✔energy investment phase - ✔✔Phase of Glycolysis that has two ATP molecules are
hydrolyzed, and the phosphates from those ATP molecules are attached to glucose,
which is converted into fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.
✔✔energy payoff phase - ✔✔in this part of glycolysis, the cell produces 4 ATP, 2NADH,
and 2H+
✔✔pyruvate oxidation - ✔✔2nd step in cellular respiration occurs on the way to the
mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is oxidized into 1 CO2, 1 NADH, 1 acetyl-COA (2
carbons attached to coenzyme A)
✔✔citric acid cycle - ✔✔Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative
of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Oxidized organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1
ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
✔✔oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain) - ✔✔The production of ATP
using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third
major stage of cellular respiration.
✔✔chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) - ✔✔The energy released as e- are
passed down the e- transport chain is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to
intermembrane space. h+then moves down irs concentration gradient back across the
membrane, passing through the protein complex ATP synthase
, ✔✔cellular respiration equation - ✔✔C6H12O6+6O2---> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP
✔✔products of chemiosmosis - ✔✔H2O, 34 ATP
✔✔products of oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔NAD+, FAD, H2O, ATP
✔✔NAD+ - ✔✔electron carrier involved in glycolysis
✔✔NADH and FADH2 - ✔✔high energy electron carrier(s) after reduction in cellular
respiration (after they pick up electrons from Kreb's cycle)
✔✔The products of the citric acid cycle include: - ✔✔NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2, H+
✔✔products of glycolysis - ✔✔2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
✔✔Inputs of Glycolysis - ✔✔glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+
✔✔Input of chemiosmosis - ✔✔ADP
✔✔input of oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔NADH, FADH2, O2
✔✔input of citric acid cycle - ✔✔2 Acetyl CoA
✔✔pyruvate oxidation products - ✔✔2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
✔✔Input of Pyruvate Oxidation - ✔✔2 pyruvate
2 CoA
2 NAD+
✔✔Photosynthesis - ✔✔Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
✔✔light reactions - ✔✔The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the
Calvin cycle). These reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the
chloroplast or on membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the
chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process.
✔✔Calvin cycle - ✔✔reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH
is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
✔✔Thylakoids - ✔✔Transform light energy into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
✔✔Photosystem - ✔✔light-collecting units of the chloroplast
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔In catalysis - ✔✔enzymes or other catalysts speed up specific reactions by lowering
the EA barrier
✔✔Transition state - ✔✔Exists at a higher energy state than the reactants, EA is always
positive, high energy, unable state
✔✔activation energy (Ea) - ✔✔energy needed to start a chemical reaction
✔✔cellular respiration - ✔✔Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and
other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
✔✔REDOX - ✔✔The chemical reasction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the
reducing agent is oxidized is
✔✔Glycolysis - ✔✔Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, occurs in the
cytoplasm, energy investment and payoff phase
✔✔energy investment phase - ✔✔Phase of Glycolysis that has two ATP molecules are
hydrolyzed, and the phosphates from those ATP molecules are attached to glucose,
which is converted into fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.
✔✔energy payoff phase - ✔✔in this part of glycolysis, the cell produces 4 ATP, 2NADH,
and 2H+
✔✔pyruvate oxidation - ✔✔2nd step in cellular respiration occurs on the way to the
mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is oxidized into 1 CO2, 1 NADH, 1 acetyl-COA (2
carbons attached to coenzyme A)
✔✔citric acid cycle - ✔✔Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative
of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Oxidized organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1
ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
✔✔oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain) - ✔✔The production of ATP
using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third
major stage of cellular respiration.
✔✔chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) - ✔✔The energy released as e- are
passed down the e- transport chain is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to
intermembrane space. h+then moves down irs concentration gradient back across the
membrane, passing through the protein complex ATP synthase
, ✔✔cellular respiration equation - ✔✔C6H12O6+6O2---> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP
✔✔products of chemiosmosis - ✔✔H2O, 34 ATP
✔✔products of oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔NAD+, FAD, H2O, ATP
✔✔NAD+ - ✔✔electron carrier involved in glycolysis
✔✔NADH and FADH2 - ✔✔high energy electron carrier(s) after reduction in cellular
respiration (after they pick up electrons from Kreb's cycle)
✔✔The products of the citric acid cycle include: - ✔✔NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2, H+
✔✔products of glycolysis - ✔✔2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
✔✔Inputs of Glycolysis - ✔✔glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+
✔✔Input of chemiosmosis - ✔✔ADP
✔✔input of oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔NADH, FADH2, O2
✔✔input of citric acid cycle - ✔✔2 Acetyl CoA
✔✔pyruvate oxidation products - ✔✔2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
✔✔Input of Pyruvate Oxidation - ✔✔2 pyruvate
2 CoA
2 NAD+
✔✔Photosynthesis - ✔✔Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
✔✔light reactions - ✔✔The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the
Calvin cycle). These reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the
chloroplast or on membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the
chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process.
✔✔Calvin cycle - ✔✔reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH
is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
✔✔Thylakoids - ✔✔Transform light energy into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
✔✔Photosystem - ✔✔light-collecting units of the chloroplast
