BIOL 1201 STUDY 2026 GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Monomers of proteins are called:
A) Nucleotides
B) Monosaccharides
C) Amino acids
D) Fatty acids - ✔✔C) Amino acids
✔✔The primary structure of a protein is its:
A) 3D folded shape
B) Sequence of amino acids
C) Alpha helices and beta sheets
D) Disulfide bridges - ✔✔B) Sequence of amino acids
✔✔DNA is made up of which monomers?
A) Amino acids
B) Nucleotides
C) Sugars
D) Fatty acids - ✔✔B) Nucleotides
✔✔Which macromolecule is not a true polymer?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids - ✔✔C) Lipids
✔✔Which level of protein structure involves interactions between R groups?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary - ✔✔C) Tertiary
✔✔CHAPTER 6: A Tour of the Cell
Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
,D) Endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔C) Ribosomes
✔✔The nucleus is surrounded by:
A) A single membrane
B) A double membrane
C) Ribosomes
D) Cytoplasm - ✔✔B) A double membrane
✔✔What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Detoxification
C) Transport and modification of proteins
D) DNA replication - ✔✔C) Transport and modification of proteins
✔✔Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
A) Chloroplast
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondrion - ✔✔D) Mitochondrion
✔✔Which structure maintains cell shape and assists with movement?
A) Smooth ER
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Nucleolus
D) Peroxisome - ✔✔B) Cytoskeleton
✔✔CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Function
The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane as:
A) A rigid, solid wall of protein
B) Lipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout
C) A phospholipid monolayer
D) A solid carbohydrate matrix - ✔✔B) Lipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout
✔✔Which molecule can diffuse easily across a plasma membrane?
A) Glucose
B) Na+
C) Oxygen
,D) Protein - ✔✔C) Oxygen
✔✔What type of transport requires energy?
A) Osmosis
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Passive diffusion
D) Active transport - ✔✔D) Active transport
✔✔What helps maintain membrane fluidity at lower temperatures?
A) Proteins
B) Saturated fatty acids
C) Cholesterol
D) Water channels - ✔✔C) Cholesterol
✔✔Which process brings large particles into the cell?
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Active transport - ✔✔B) Endocytosis
✔✔The function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes is to:
A) Increase permeability
B) Prevent freezing at low temps
C) Stabilize fluidity across temperatures
D) Promote active transport - ✔✔C) Stabilize fluidity across temperatures
✔✔A plant cell in a hypotonic solution will:
A) Shrivel
B) Stay the same
C) Become turgid
D) Burst - ✔✔C) Become turgid
✔✔CHAPTER 8: Introduction to Metabolism
Which of the following reactions releases energy?
A) Endergonic
B) Exergonic
C) Anabolic
, D) Dehydration - ✔✔B) Exergonic
✔✔The energy stored in ATP is found in:
A) The ribose sugar
B) The nitrogenous base
C) The phosphate bonds
D) The carbon backbone - ✔✔C) The phosphate bonds
✔✔A metabolic pathway that builds molecules is called:
A) Catabolic
B) Anabolic
C) Hydrolytic
D) Oxidative - ✔✔B) Anabolic
✔✔Enzymes lower:
A) Entropy
B) Free energy
C) Activation energy
D) Temperature - ✔✔C) Activation energy
✔✔What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?
A) It is consumed
B) It becomes inactive
C) It is destroyed
D) It is unchanged and reusable - ✔✔D) It is unchanged and reusable
✔✔An example of an exergonic reaction is:
A) DNA replication
B) ATP synthesis
C) Hydrolysis of ATP
D) Glucose formation - ✔✔C) Hydrolysis of ATP
✔✔How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
A) Increase activation energy
B) Lower activation energy
C) Alter pH
D) Make reactions reversible - ✔✔B) Lower activation energy
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Monomers of proteins are called:
A) Nucleotides
B) Monosaccharides
C) Amino acids
D) Fatty acids - ✔✔C) Amino acids
✔✔The primary structure of a protein is its:
A) 3D folded shape
B) Sequence of amino acids
C) Alpha helices and beta sheets
D) Disulfide bridges - ✔✔B) Sequence of amino acids
✔✔DNA is made up of which monomers?
A) Amino acids
B) Nucleotides
C) Sugars
D) Fatty acids - ✔✔B) Nucleotides
✔✔Which macromolecule is not a true polymer?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids - ✔✔C) Lipids
✔✔Which level of protein structure involves interactions between R groups?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary - ✔✔C) Tertiary
✔✔CHAPTER 6: A Tour of the Cell
Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
,D) Endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔C) Ribosomes
✔✔The nucleus is surrounded by:
A) A single membrane
B) A double membrane
C) Ribosomes
D) Cytoplasm - ✔✔B) A double membrane
✔✔What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Detoxification
C) Transport and modification of proteins
D) DNA replication - ✔✔C) Transport and modification of proteins
✔✔Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
A) Chloroplast
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondrion - ✔✔D) Mitochondrion
✔✔Which structure maintains cell shape and assists with movement?
A) Smooth ER
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Nucleolus
D) Peroxisome - ✔✔B) Cytoskeleton
✔✔CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Function
The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane as:
A) A rigid, solid wall of protein
B) Lipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout
C) A phospholipid monolayer
D) A solid carbohydrate matrix - ✔✔B) Lipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout
✔✔Which molecule can diffuse easily across a plasma membrane?
A) Glucose
B) Na+
C) Oxygen
,D) Protein - ✔✔C) Oxygen
✔✔What type of transport requires energy?
A) Osmosis
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Passive diffusion
D) Active transport - ✔✔D) Active transport
✔✔What helps maintain membrane fluidity at lower temperatures?
A) Proteins
B) Saturated fatty acids
C) Cholesterol
D) Water channels - ✔✔C) Cholesterol
✔✔Which process brings large particles into the cell?
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Active transport - ✔✔B) Endocytosis
✔✔The function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes is to:
A) Increase permeability
B) Prevent freezing at low temps
C) Stabilize fluidity across temperatures
D) Promote active transport - ✔✔C) Stabilize fluidity across temperatures
✔✔A plant cell in a hypotonic solution will:
A) Shrivel
B) Stay the same
C) Become turgid
D) Burst - ✔✔C) Become turgid
✔✔CHAPTER 8: Introduction to Metabolism
Which of the following reactions releases energy?
A) Endergonic
B) Exergonic
C) Anabolic
, D) Dehydration - ✔✔B) Exergonic
✔✔The energy stored in ATP is found in:
A) The ribose sugar
B) The nitrogenous base
C) The phosphate bonds
D) The carbon backbone - ✔✔C) The phosphate bonds
✔✔A metabolic pathway that builds molecules is called:
A) Catabolic
B) Anabolic
C) Hydrolytic
D) Oxidative - ✔✔B) Anabolic
✔✔Enzymes lower:
A) Entropy
B) Free energy
C) Activation energy
D) Temperature - ✔✔C) Activation energy
✔✔What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?
A) It is consumed
B) It becomes inactive
C) It is destroyed
D) It is unchanged and reusable - ✔✔D) It is unchanged and reusable
✔✔An example of an exergonic reaction is:
A) DNA replication
B) ATP synthesis
C) Hydrolysis of ATP
D) Glucose formation - ✔✔C) Hydrolysis of ATP
✔✔How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
A) Increase activation energy
B) Lower activation energy
C) Alter pH
D) Make reactions reversible - ✔✔B) Lower activation energy
