PSY 205 - EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS
Psychology - Answers - The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Systematic Observation - Answers - Careful monitoring of the natural world with the
goal of better understanding it.
"Science is Democratic" - Answers - Although science is stated through facts, people
still debate it and use their own opinions to make conclusions about what they believe.
The Five Ethical Guidelines in Psychology - Answers - - Informed Consent
- Confidentiality
- Privacy
- Benefits
- Deception
Informed Consent - Answers - Getting permission from all parties involved prior to
conducting an experiment, study or other related work.
This is important because all parties need to understand the risks and details of their
involvement before committing to participate.
Confidentiality - Answers - Information shared between all parties involved (such as the
therapist and patient, or research participants and doctor) cannot be shared with
anyone else. This ensures their privacy is upheld.
Privacy - Answers - Without consent, researchers cannot make observations of people
in private places, or seek confidential information. This ensures all parties are aware of
what they are participating in and feel safe with their involvement.
Benefits - Answers - Researchers have to weight the benefits and risks of an
experiment before beginning it. Those who are participating must be made aware of any
risks so they are fully knowledgeable of what is being asked of them.
Deception - Answers - Psychologists cannot deceive any parties involved, unless it can
be justified as essential to the studies effectiveness and results. If this occurs all parties
must be debriefed directly after the study concludes so they become aware of it's true
nature.
Hindsight Bias - Answers - Used to explain the tendency an individual has to predict an
outcome that could have not been predicted.
, An example could be receiving a college letter. You tell your friend or family member
that you got accepted and they say "I knew you were going to get in". Realistically, it
would be impossible for them to know that without actually opening the letter.
What makes psychology a science? - Answers - It is based upon empirical research.
Essentially taking the scientific approach to understand human behaviour by using
evidence that is built on systematic observations, experimentation and reproducible
data.
Goals of Psychology - Answers - - Describe: What is the dog doing in the park?
- Predict: When will I get out of bed?
- Explain: Why do I get easily stressed out when taking exams?
- Control: How do I get my child to stop throwing tantrums?
Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist - Answers - A psychologist is someone with an advanced
degree in psychology, generally a PhD or PsyD, whereas psychiatrists have medical
degrees that qualify them to prescribe medicine.
Despite these differences, both psychologists and psychiatrists work to scientifically
study behaviour and mental processes.
Research Psychologist vs. Applied Psychologist - Answers - A research psychologist
typically conducts experiments, psychological research studies, and observational
studies, while an applied psychologist applies psychological theories, concepts and
methods to their studies by using psychological resources to treat patients or clients.
Hypothesis - Answers - - Specific testable prediction about the relationship between two
or more things
- Variables measure the conditions, events, characteristics or behaviours controlled or
observed
- Must be testable and falsified
Theory - Answers - - Broad idea about a phenomenon
- A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Inductive Reasoning - Answers - Drawing a general conclusion from a set of specific
observations.
Deductive Reasoning - Answers - Starts with general principles that are applied to
specific instances.
Research Methods - Answers - 1. Experiments
2. Correlational Designs
Experiment - Answers - A research method in which the researcher...
- carefully controls conditions
Psychology - Answers - The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Systematic Observation - Answers - Careful monitoring of the natural world with the
goal of better understanding it.
"Science is Democratic" - Answers - Although science is stated through facts, people
still debate it and use their own opinions to make conclusions about what they believe.
The Five Ethical Guidelines in Psychology - Answers - - Informed Consent
- Confidentiality
- Privacy
- Benefits
- Deception
Informed Consent - Answers - Getting permission from all parties involved prior to
conducting an experiment, study or other related work.
This is important because all parties need to understand the risks and details of their
involvement before committing to participate.
Confidentiality - Answers - Information shared between all parties involved (such as the
therapist and patient, or research participants and doctor) cannot be shared with
anyone else. This ensures their privacy is upheld.
Privacy - Answers - Without consent, researchers cannot make observations of people
in private places, or seek confidential information. This ensures all parties are aware of
what they are participating in and feel safe with their involvement.
Benefits - Answers - Researchers have to weight the benefits and risks of an
experiment before beginning it. Those who are participating must be made aware of any
risks so they are fully knowledgeable of what is being asked of them.
Deception - Answers - Psychologists cannot deceive any parties involved, unless it can
be justified as essential to the studies effectiveness and results. If this occurs all parties
must be debriefed directly after the study concludes so they become aware of it's true
nature.
Hindsight Bias - Answers - Used to explain the tendency an individual has to predict an
outcome that could have not been predicted.
, An example could be receiving a college letter. You tell your friend or family member
that you got accepted and they say "I knew you were going to get in". Realistically, it
would be impossible for them to know that without actually opening the letter.
What makes psychology a science? - Answers - It is based upon empirical research.
Essentially taking the scientific approach to understand human behaviour by using
evidence that is built on systematic observations, experimentation and reproducible
data.
Goals of Psychology - Answers - - Describe: What is the dog doing in the park?
- Predict: When will I get out of bed?
- Explain: Why do I get easily stressed out when taking exams?
- Control: How do I get my child to stop throwing tantrums?
Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist - Answers - A psychologist is someone with an advanced
degree in psychology, generally a PhD or PsyD, whereas psychiatrists have medical
degrees that qualify them to prescribe medicine.
Despite these differences, both psychologists and psychiatrists work to scientifically
study behaviour and mental processes.
Research Psychologist vs. Applied Psychologist - Answers - A research psychologist
typically conducts experiments, psychological research studies, and observational
studies, while an applied psychologist applies psychological theories, concepts and
methods to their studies by using psychological resources to treat patients or clients.
Hypothesis - Answers - - Specific testable prediction about the relationship between two
or more things
- Variables measure the conditions, events, characteristics or behaviours controlled or
observed
- Must be testable and falsified
Theory - Answers - - Broad idea about a phenomenon
- A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Inductive Reasoning - Answers - Drawing a general conclusion from a set of specific
observations.
Deductive Reasoning - Answers - Starts with general principles that are applied to
specific instances.
Research Methods - Answers - 1. Experiments
2. Correlational Designs
Experiment - Answers - A research method in which the researcher...
- carefully controls conditions
