NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Exam Newest 2026/2027 Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) | Already Graded A+ fluid and electrolytes -GU disorders -Cardiovascular disorders -12Lead EKG What is nephrolithiasis?- Answer -renal calculi (kidney stones) How does Renal calculi form?- Answer -formed d/t elevated levels of minerals in the body What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi?- Answer -calcium oxalate (most common), phosphate uric acid struvite cystine Urolithiasis- Answer -stone in the bladder Ureterolithiasis- Answer -condition of stones in the ureter Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi- Answer --Male, 20-50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake. -complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection), CKD Classic Kidney stone presentation- Answer -acute onset of severe, colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity. Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can cause n/v. pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)- Answer -Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating), urgency, & frequency Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity Radiation of pain into the groin Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness Hematuria Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located where?- Answer -caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction & spasm Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in the groin region?- Answer -pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the stone has passed into the lower third of the ureter Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity means the stone is located where?- Answer -stones in renal pelvis Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or flank pain:- Answer -Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) Ectopic pregnancy Ovarian or testicular torsion Appendicitis Bowel obstruction Continues...
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