BSC 108 Exam 4 Final Study Guide with
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1. disruptive selection - ANSWER a mode of natural selection that favors
extreme phenotypes over intermediate ones, increasing variance and often
splitting a population into two distinct groups
2. directional selection - ANSWER shifts the phenotype curve of the
population, favors some exteme phenotype
3. Stabilizing selection - ANSWER Maintains variation for a particular trait
within a narrow range
4. species - ANSWER a group of living organisms consisting of similar
individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
5. allopatric vs sympatric speciation - ANSWER allopatric: (apart) barrier
separates species and they evolve independently
sympatric: species evolves without separation, species stays together
6. circumstances that would keep gene pool separate in sympatric speciation -
ANSWER Segregation of habitat, major alterations in mate recognition or
behavior, genetic incompatibility
7. 2 models of the Pace of Speciation - ANSWER gradualism (slow and steady
species formations) and punctuated equilibrium (species diverge in spurts of
rapid change, followed by long periods of stasis)
,8. prezygotic barriers (5 types) - ANSWER • Temporal isolation
• Habitat isolation
• Behavioral isolation
• Mechanical isolation
• Gametic isolation
9. postzygotic barriers (3 types) - ANSWER • Hybrid inviability
• Hybrid sterility
• Hybrid breakdown
10.ecology - ANSWER Scientific study of interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their environment
11.new species arise in ______ or ______ - ANSWER sympatry or allopatry
12.5 abiotic factors - ANSWER water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, soil
13.3 types of adaptations that enable organisms to adjust to their environment -
ANSWER - Physiological
- Anatomical
- Behavioral
14.levels of ecology - ANSWER - Organismal ecology
- Population ecology
- Community ecology
- Ecosystem ecology
15.habitat - ANSWER Are specific environments in which organisms live,
they reveal patchiness on an even smaller scale.
,16.2 types of aquatic biomes - ANSWER freshwater (salinity <1%)
marine (salinity 3%ish)
17.sickle cell anemia is a resistance to what disease? - ANSWER malaria
18.mutation - ANSWER changes in DNA of an organism
19.sexual recombination - ANSWER shuffles alleles during meiosis
20.3 examples of natural selection in action - ANSWER - Pesticide resistance
in insects
- The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Drug-resistant strains of HIV
21.what type of scientist studies fossils - ANSWER Paleontologist
22.homologus structures & examples - ANSWER similar structures with
different functions due to common ancestry
(human arm, cat foot, whale flipper, bat wing)
23.biogeography - ANSWER Is the study of the geographic distribution of
species (supports evolution)
, 24.comparative anatomy - ANSWER Is the comparison of body structure
between different species. Confirms that evolution is a remodeling process.
25.Comparative Embryology - ANSWER the comparison of structures that
appear during the development of different organisms
26.what is a fossil and how are they formed - ANSWER Are preserved
remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in the past. Are often
found in sedimentary rocks.
27.unequal reproductive sucess - ANSWER natural selection
28.2 key observations Darwin bases his theory of natural selection on. -
ANSWER overproduction (All species tend to produce excessive numbers
leading to a struggle for existence) & individual variation (Variation exists
among individuals in a population much of this variation is heritable)
29.result of natural selection - ANSWER evolutionary adaptation
30.basic idea of natural selection - ANSWER Organisms can change over
generations, Individuals with certain heritable traits leave more offspring
than others.
31.name and year of Darwin's publication - ANSWER Charles Darwin's On the
Origin of Species byMeans of Natural Selection (1859)
32.microevolution - ANSWER Changes in allele frequencies within
populations, often associated with adaptation, can be measured from one
generation to the next
Already Verified Answers | Brand New
Version
1. disruptive selection - ANSWER a mode of natural selection that favors
extreme phenotypes over intermediate ones, increasing variance and often
splitting a population into two distinct groups
2. directional selection - ANSWER shifts the phenotype curve of the
population, favors some exteme phenotype
3. Stabilizing selection - ANSWER Maintains variation for a particular trait
within a narrow range
4. species - ANSWER a group of living organisms consisting of similar
individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
5. allopatric vs sympatric speciation - ANSWER allopatric: (apart) barrier
separates species and they evolve independently
sympatric: species evolves without separation, species stays together
6. circumstances that would keep gene pool separate in sympatric speciation -
ANSWER Segregation of habitat, major alterations in mate recognition or
behavior, genetic incompatibility
7. 2 models of the Pace of Speciation - ANSWER gradualism (slow and steady
species formations) and punctuated equilibrium (species diverge in spurts of
rapid change, followed by long periods of stasis)
,8. prezygotic barriers (5 types) - ANSWER • Temporal isolation
• Habitat isolation
• Behavioral isolation
• Mechanical isolation
• Gametic isolation
9. postzygotic barriers (3 types) - ANSWER • Hybrid inviability
• Hybrid sterility
• Hybrid breakdown
10.ecology - ANSWER Scientific study of interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their environment
11.new species arise in ______ or ______ - ANSWER sympatry or allopatry
12.5 abiotic factors - ANSWER water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, soil
13.3 types of adaptations that enable organisms to adjust to their environment -
ANSWER - Physiological
- Anatomical
- Behavioral
14.levels of ecology - ANSWER - Organismal ecology
- Population ecology
- Community ecology
- Ecosystem ecology
15.habitat - ANSWER Are specific environments in which organisms live,
they reveal patchiness on an even smaller scale.
,16.2 types of aquatic biomes - ANSWER freshwater (salinity <1%)
marine (salinity 3%ish)
17.sickle cell anemia is a resistance to what disease? - ANSWER malaria
18.mutation - ANSWER changes in DNA of an organism
19.sexual recombination - ANSWER shuffles alleles during meiosis
20.3 examples of natural selection in action - ANSWER - Pesticide resistance
in insects
- The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Drug-resistant strains of HIV
21.what type of scientist studies fossils - ANSWER Paleontologist
22.homologus structures & examples - ANSWER similar structures with
different functions due to common ancestry
(human arm, cat foot, whale flipper, bat wing)
23.biogeography - ANSWER Is the study of the geographic distribution of
species (supports evolution)
, 24.comparative anatomy - ANSWER Is the comparison of body structure
between different species. Confirms that evolution is a remodeling process.
25.Comparative Embryology - ANSWER the comparison of structures that
appear during the development of different organisms
26.what is a fossil and how are they formed - ANSWER Are preserved
remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in the past. Are often
found in sedimentary rocks.
27.unequal reproductive sucess - ANSWER natural selection
28.2 key observations Darwin bases his theory of natural selection on. -
ANSWER overproduction (All species tend to produce excessive numbers
leading to a struggle for existence) & individual variation (Variation exists
among individuals in a population much of this variation is heritable)
29.result of natural selection - ANSWER evolutionary adaptation
30.basic idea of natural selection - ANSWER Organisms can change over
generations, Individuals with certain heritable traits leave more offspring
than others.
31.name and year of Darwin's publication - ANSWER Charles Darwin's On the
Origin of Species byMeans of Natural Selection (1859)
32.microevolution - ANSWER Changes in allele frequencies within
populations, often associated with adaptation, can be measured from one
generation to the next
