MDC 3 EXAM 2 2026-2027 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ RASMUSSEN
Which assessment finding for an older adult patient does the nurse ascribe to the
natural aging process?
A.Tightening of the vocal cords
B.Decrease in residual volume
C.Decrease in the anteroposterior diameter
D.Decrease in respiratory muscle strength
D. As a person ages, vocal cords become slack, changing the quality and strength
of the voice; the anteroposterior diameter increases; respiratory muscle strength
decreases; and the residual volume increases.
The nurse knows that under normal physiologic conditions of tissue perfusion, a
patient will have what percent of oxygen dissociate from the hemoglobin
molecule?
A.25%
B.50%
C.75%
D.100%
ANS: B
Oxygen dissociates with the hemoglobin molecule based on the need for oxygen to
perfuse tissues. Under normal conditions, 50% of hemoglobin molecules
completely dissociate their oxygen molecules when blood perfuses tissues that
,have an oxygen tension (concentration) of 26 mm Hg. This is considered a
"normal" point at which 50% of hemoglobin molecules are no longer saturated
with oxygen.
Which assessment finding does the nurse interpret that is associated most closely
with lung disease?
A.Cough
B.Dyspnea
C.Chest pain
D.Sputum production
ANS: A
Cough is a main sign of lung disease. Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing or
breathlessness) is a subjective perception and varies among patients. A patient's
feeling of dyspnea may not be consistent with the severity of the presenting
problem. Sputum production may be associated with coughing and indicate an
acute or chronic lung condition. Chest pain can occur with other health problems,
as well as with lung problems.
Head and Neck Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma and slow growing
Begins with mucus that is chronically irritated, becoming tougher and thicker
Leukoplakia and erythroplakia lesions
Spreads to local lymph nodes, muscle and bone, then to liver or lungs.
,Risks of head and neck cancer
•Tobacco use
•Alcohol use
•Voice abuse
•Chronic laryngitis
•Exposure to chemicals
•Poor hygiene
•Long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease
•Oral infections with human papillomavirus
Assessment: Noticing- head and neck cancer
Lumps in mouth, throat, neck
Difficulty swallowing
Color changes in mouth or tongue
Oral lesion or sore that does not heal in 2 weeks
Persistent, unilateral ear pain
Persistent/unexplained oral bleeding
Numbness of mouth, lips, or face
Change in fit of dentures
Hoarseness or change in voice quality
Persistent/recurrent sore throat
Shortness of breath
Anorexia and weight loss
, Change in fit of dentures
Burning sensation when drinking citrus or hot liquids
The priority interprofessional collaborative problems for patients with head and
neck cancer include
Potential for airway obstruction
Potential for aspiration
Anxiety
Decreased self esteem
Planning and Implementation: Responding Head and Neck Cancer
Radiation therapy
has a cure rate of at least 80%
hoarseness, dysphagia, skin problems, impaired taste, and dry mouth for a few
weeks after radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy
Varies based on type of cancer cells: usually Cistplatin
Intensify oral cavity side effects
Cordectomy
Vocal Cord Removal
Laryngectomy
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ RASMUSSEN
Which assessment finding for an older adult patient does the nurse ascribe to the
natural aging process?
A.Tightening of the vocal cords
B.Decrease in residual volume
C.Decrease in the anteroposterior diameter
D.Decrease in respiratory muscle strength
D. As a person ages, vocal cords become slack, changing the quality and strength
of the voice; the anteroposterior diameter increases; respiratory muscle strength
decreases; and the residual volume increases.
The nurse knows that under normal physiologic conditions of tissue perfusion, a
patient will have what percent of oxygen dissociate from the hemoglobin
molecule?
A.25%
B.50%
C.75%
D.100%
ANS: B
Oxygen dissociates with the hemoglobin molecule based on the need for oxygen to
perfuse tissues. Under normal conditions, 50% of hemoglobin molecules
completely dissociate their oxygen molecules when blood perfuses tissues that
,have an oxygen tension (concentration) of 26 mm Hg. This is considered a
"normal" point at which 50% of hemoglobin molecules are no longer saturated
with oxygen.
Which assessment finding does the nurse interpret that is associated most closely
with lung disease?
A.Cough
B.Dyspnea
C.Chest pain
D.Sputum production
ANS: A
Cough is a main sign of lung disease. Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing or
breathlessness) is a subjective perception and varies among patients. A patient's
feeling of dyspnea may not be consistent with the severity of the presenting
problem. Sputum production may be associated with coughing and indicate an
acute or chronic lung condition. Chest pain can occur with other health problems,
as well as with lung problems.
Head and Neck Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma and slow growing
Begins with mucus that is chronically irritated, becoming tougher and thicker
Leukoplakia and erythroplakia lesions
Spreads to local lymph nodes, muscle and bone, then to liver or lungs.
,Risks of head and neck cancer
•Tobacco use
•Alcohol use
•Voice abuse
•Chronic laryngitis
•Exposure to chemicals
•Poor hygiene
•Long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease
•Oral infections with human papillomavirus
Assessment: Noticing- head and neck cancer
Lumps in mouth, throat, neck
Difficulty swallowing
Color changes in mouth or tongue
Oral lesion or sore that does not heal in 2 weeks
Persistent, unilateral ear pain
Persistent/unexplained oral bleeding
Numbness of mouth, lips, or face
Change in fit of dentures
Hoarseness or change in voice quality
Persistent/recurrent sore throat
Shortness of breath
Anorexia and weight loss
, Change in fit of dentures
Burning sensation when drinking citrus or hot liquids
The priority interprofessional collaborative problems for patients with head and
neck cancer include
Potential for airway obstruction
Potential for aspiration
Anxiety
Decreased self esteem
Planning and Implementation: Responding Head and Neck Cancer
Radiation therapy
has a cure rate of at least 80%
hoarseness, dysphagia, skin problems, impaired taste, and dry mouth for a few
weeks after radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy
Varies based on type of cancer cells: usually Cistplatin
Intensify oral cavity side effects
Cordectomy
Vocal Cord Removal
Laryngectomy
