NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
2026-2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a
region)
Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with
hemorrhage
Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea
and epigastric pain
Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually.
Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive
,Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and
hematemesis.
Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric
pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake.
Chronic Gastritis
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of
the precipitating event.
Stress ulcers
Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and
tends to be masked by the primary problem
Stress ulcer
Complications of?: GI hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
,Manifestations of?: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn,
indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine; it affects the mucosa and
sometimes other layers
Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
Causes of?: Exposure to antibiotics, patients with cancer, or post abdominal
surgery susceptible, mediated by bacterial toxins
Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
Manifestations of?: Diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and
leukocytosis
Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Most often caused by an infection.
Triggers local tissue edema, which obstructs the small structure. As fluid builds
inside the appendix, microorganisms proliferate
Appendicitis
, The appendix fills with purulent exudate and area blood vessels become
compressed
Appendicitis
Ischemia and necrosis develop. The pressure inside the appendix escalates, forcing
bacteria and toxins out to surrounding structures.
Appendicitis
Complications of?: abscesses, peritonitis, gangrene, and death
Appendicitis
Manifestations of?: Vary from asymptomatic to sudden and severe. Sharp
abdominal pain develops, gradually intensifies (over about 12-24 hours), and
becomes localized to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen (McBurney point).
Pain may occur anywhere in abdomen.
Pain will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures, and then the pain will return
and escalate.
Appendicitis
Manifestations of?: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and bowel pattern
changes.
indications of inflammation and infection (fever, chills, leukocytosis).
Indications of peritonitis (abdominal rigidity, tachycardia, and hypotension)
2026-2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a
region)
Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with
hemorrhage
Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea
and epigastric pain
Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually.
Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive
,Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and
hematemesis.
Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric
pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake.
Chronic Gastritis
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of
the precipitating event.
Stress ulcers
Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and
tends to be masked by the primary problem
Stress ulcer
Complications of?: GI hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
,Manifestations of?: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn,
indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine; it affects the mucosa and
sometimes other layers
Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
Causes of?: Exposure to antibiotics, patients with cancer, or post abdominal
surgery susceptible, mediated by bacterial toxins
Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
Manifestations of?: Diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and
leukocytosis
Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Most often caused by an infection.
Triggers local tissue edema, which obstructs the small structure. As fluid builds
inside the appendix, microorganisms proliferate
Appendicitis
, The appendix fills with purulent exudate and area blood vessels become
compressed
Appendicitis
Ischemia and necrosis develop. The pressure inside the appendix escalates, forcing
bacteria and toxins out to surrounding structures.
Appendicitis
Complications of?: abscesses, peritonitis, gangrene, and death
Appendicitis
Manifestations of?: Vary from asymptomatic to sudden and severe. Sharp
abdominal pain develops, gradually intensifies (over about 12-24 hours), and
becomes localized to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen (McBurney point).
Pain may occur anywhere in abdomen.
Pain will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures, and then the pain will return
and escalate.
Appendicitis
Manifestations of?: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and bowel pattern
changes.
indications of inflammation and infection (fever, chills, leukocytosis).
Indications of peritonitis (abdominal rigidity, tachycardia, and hypotension)
