MDC 3 Final Exam – Cardiovascular and Hematology
2026-2027 questions and answers grade A+
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension asks what to do to decrease the risk for related
cardiovascular problems. Which risk factor is not modifiable by the client?
a.Age
b.Obesity
c.Inactivity
d.Dyslipidemia - a.Age
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension asks how to decrease the risk for related
cardiovascular problems. What risk factor is modifiable by the client?
a.Age
b.Impaired renal function
c.Family history
d.Dyslipidemia - d.Dyslipidemia
Which of the following client scenarios would be correct for the nurse to identify as a client
with secondary hypertension?
a.A client experiencing depression
b.A client diagnosed with kidney disease
c.A client of advanced age
d.A client with excessive alcohol intake - b.A client diagnosed with kidney disease
A client is brought to the emergency department with reports of a bad headache and an
increase in blood pressure. The blood pressure reading obtained by the nurse is 260/180 mm
Hg. What is the therapeutic goal for reduction of the mean blood pressure?
a.Reduce the blood pressure by 20% to 25% within the first hour of treatment.
b.Reduce the blood pressure to about 140/80 mm Hg.
c.Rapidly reduce the blood pressure so the client will not suffer a stroke.
d.Reduce the blood pressure by 50% within the first hour of treatment. - a.Reduce the blood
pressure by 20% to 25% within the first hour of treatment.
An older adult client has newly diagnosed stage 2 hypertension. The health care provider has
prescribed Chlorothiazide and Benazepril. What will the nurse monitor this client for?
,a.Postural hypertension and resulting injury
b.Rebound hypertension
c.Sexual dysfunction
d.Postural hypotension and resulting injury - d.Postural hypotension and resulting injury
The nurse is planning the care of a patient admitted to the hospital with hypertension. What
objective will help to meet the needs of this patient?
a.Lowering and controlling the blood pressure without adverse effects and without undue
cost
b.Making sure that the patient adheres to the therapeutic medication regimen
c.Instructing the patient to enter a weight loss program and begin an exercise regimen
d.Scheduling the patient for all follow-up visits and making phone calls to the home to ensure
adherence - a.Lowering and controlling the blood pressure without adverse effects and without
undue cost
Which describes a situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated and there is evidence
of actual or probable target organ damage?
a.Hypertensive emergency
b.Hypertensive urgency
c.Primary hypertension
d.Secondary hypertension - a.Hypertensive emergency
The nurse is administering medications on a medical-surgical unit. A client is ordered to receive
40 mg oral nadolol for the treatment of hypertension. Before administering the medication, the
nurse should
a.check the client's heart rate.
b.check the client's serum K+ level.
c.check the client's urine output.
d.weigh the client. - a.check the client's heart rate.
Which diagnostic method is recommended to determine whether left ventricular hypertrophy
has occurred?
a.Echocardiography
b.Electrocardiography
c.Blood chemistry
d.Blood urea nitrogen - a.Echocardiography
,A nurse is educating about lifestyle modifications for a group of clients with newly diagnosed
hypertension. While discussing dietary changes, which point would the nurse emphasize?
a.It takes 2 to 3 months for the taste buds to adapt to decreased salt intake.
b.The taste buds never adapt to decreased salt intake.
c.There is usually no need to change alcohol consumption for clients with hypertension.
d.A person with hypertension should never consume alcohol. - a.It takes 2 to 3 months for the
taste buds to adapt to decreased salt intake.
A client is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of hypertension
emergency/crisis. The client's blood pressure (BP) is 200/130 mm Hg. The nurse is preparing to
administer IV nitroprusside. Upon assessment, which finding requires immediate intervention
by the nurse?
a.Nausea and severe headache
b.Chest pain score of 3 (on a scale of 1 to 10)
c.Numbness and weakness in the left arm
d.Urine output of 40 mL over the past hour - c.Numbness and weakness in the left arm
It is appropriate for the nurse to recommend smoking cessation for clients with hypertension
because nicotine
a.increases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and reduces the heart's ability to eject blood.
b.decreases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and reduces the heart's ability to eject blood.
c.increases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and increases the heart's ability to eject blood.
d.decreases circulating blood volume. - a.increases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and
reduces the heart's ability to eject blood.
According to the DASH diet, how many servings of vegetables should a person consume each
day?
a.2 or fewer
b.2 or 3
c.4 or 5
d.7 or 8 - c.4 or 5
The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient to determine the effects of hypertension
on the heart and blood vessels. What specific assessment data will assist in determining this
complication? (Select all that apply.)
a.Heart rate
, b.Respiratory rate
c.Heart rhythm d.Character of apical and peripheral pulses
e.Lung sounds - a.Heart rate
c.Heart rhythm
d.Character of apical and peripheral pulses
Primary or essential hypertension accounts for about 95% of all hypertension diagnoses with an
unknown etiology. Secondary hypertension accompanies specific conditions that create
hypertension as a result of tissue damage. Which condition contributes to secondary
hypertension?
a.arterial vasoconstriction
b.hepatic function
c.calcium deficit
d.acid-base imbalance - a.arterial vasoconstriction
Which condition(s) indicates target organ damage from untreated/undertreated hypertension?
Select all that apply.
a.Heart failure b.Retinal damage
c.Diabetes
d.Hyperlipidemia
e.Stroke - a.Heart failure
b.Retinal damage
e.Stroke
A 35-year-old client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client is a stock broker, smokes
daily, and has diabetes. During a follow-up appointment, the client states that regular visits to
the doctor just to check blood pressure (BP) are cumbersome and time consuming. As the
nurse, which aspect of client teaching would you recommend?
a.Purchasing a self-monitoring BP cuff
b.Discussing methods for stress reduction
c.Advising smoking cessation
d.Administering glycemic control - a.Purchasing a self-monitoring BP cuff
The nurse is teaching a client about chronic untreated hypertension. What complication will the
nurse explain to the client?
a.peripheral edema
b.right-sided heart failure
2026-2027 questions and answers grade A+
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension asks what to do to decrease the risk for related
cardiovascular problems. Which risk factor is not modifiable by the client?
a.Age
b.Obesity
c.Inactivity
d.Dyslipidemia - a.Age
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension asks how to decrease the risk for related
cardiovascular problems. What risk factor is modifiable by the client?
a.Age
b.Impaired renal function
c.Family history
d.Dyslipidemia - d.Dyslipidemia
Which of the following client scenarios would be correct for the nurse to identify as a client
with secondary hypertension?
a.A client experiencing depression
b.A client diagnosed with kidney disease
c.A client of advanced age
d.A client with excessive alcohol intake - b.A client diagnosed with kidney disease
A client is brought to the emergency department with reports of a bad headache and an
increase in blood pressure. The blood pressure reading obtained by the nurse is 260/180 mm
Hg. What is the therapeutic goal for reduction of the mean blood pressure?
a.Reduce the blood pressure by 20% to 25% within the first hour of treatment.
b.Reduce the blood pressure to about 140/80 mm Hg.
c.Rapidly reduce the blood pressure so the client will not suffer a stroke.
d.Reduce the blood pressure by 50% within the first hour of treatment. - a.Reduce the blood
pressure by 20% to 25% within the first hour of treatment.
An older adult client has newly diagnosed stage 2 hypertension. The health care provider has
prescribed Chlorothiazide and Benazepril. What will the nurse monitor this client for?
,a.Postural hypertension and resulting injury
b.Rebound hypertension
c.Sexual dysfunction
d.Postural hypotension and resulting injury - d.Postural hypotension and resulting injury
The nurse is planning the care of a patient admitted to the hospital with hypertension. What
objective will help to meet the needs of this patient?
a.Lowering and controlling the blood pressure without adverse effects and without undue
cost
b.Making sure that the patient adheres to the therapeutic medication regimen
c.Instructing the patient to enter a weight loss program and begin an exercise regimen
d.Scheduling the patient for all follow-up visits and making phone calls to the home to ensure
adherence - a.Lowering and controlling the blood pressure without adverse effects and without
undue cost
Which describes a situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated and there is evidence
of actual or probable target organ damage?
a.Hypertensive emergency
b.Hypertensive urgency
c.Primary hypertension
d.Secondary hypertension - a.Hypertensive emergency
The nurse is administering medications on a medical-surgical unit. A client is ordered to receive
40 mg oral nadolol for the treatment of hypertension. Before administering the medication, the
nurse should
a.check the client's heart rate.
b.check the client's serum K+ level.
c.check the client's urine output.
d.weigh the client. - a.check the client's heart rate.
Which diagnostic method is recommended to determine whether left ventricular hypertrophy
has occurred?
a.Echocardiography
b.Electrocardiography
c.Blood chemistry
d.Blood urea nitrogen - a.Echocardiography
,A nurse is educating about lifestyle modifications for a group of clients with newly diagnosed
hypertension. While discussing dietary changes, which point would the nurse emphasize?
a.It takes 2 to 3 months for the taste buds to adapt to decreased salt intake.
b.The taste buds never adapt to decreased salt intake.
c.There is usually no need to change alcohol consumption for clients with hypertension.
d.A person with hypertension should never consume alcohol. - a.It takes 2 to 3 months for the
taste buds to adapt to decreased salt intake.
A client is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of hypertension
emergency/crisis. The client's blood pressure (BP) is 200/130 mm Hg. The nurse is preparing to
administer IV nitroprusside. Upon assessment, which finding requires immediate intervention
by the nurse?
a.Nausea and severe headache
b.Chest pain score of 3 (on a scale of 1 to 10)
c.Numbness and weakness in the left arm
d.Urine output of 40 mL over the past hour - c.Numbness and weakness in the left arm
It is appropriate for the nurse to recommend smoking cessation for clients with hypertension
because nicotine
a.increases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and reduces the heart's ability to eject blood.
b.decreases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and reduces the heart's ability to eject blood.
c.increases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and increases the heart's ability to eject blood.
d.decreases circulating blood volume. - a.increases the heart rate, constricts arterioles, and
reduces the heart's ability to eject blood.
According to the DASH diet, how many servings of vegetables should a person consume each
day?
a.2 or fewer
b.2 or 3
c.4 or 5
d.7 or 8 - c.4 or 5
The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient to determine the effects of hypertension
on the heart and blood vessels. What specific assessment data will assist in determining this
complication? (Select all that apply.)
a.Heart rate
, b.Respiratory rate
c.Heart rhythm d.Character of apical and peripheral pulses
e.Lung sounds - a.Heart rate
c.Heart rhythm
d.Character of apical and peripheral pulses
Primary or essential hypertension accounts for about 95% of all hypertension diagnoses with an
unknown etiology. Secondary hypertension accompanies specific conditions that create
hypertension as a result of tissue damage. Which condition contributes to secondary
hypertension?
a.arterial vasoconstriction
b.hepatic function
c.calcium deficit
d.acid-base imbalance - a.arterial vasoconstriction
Which condition(s) indicates target organ damage from untreated/undertreated hypertension?
Select all that apply.
a.Heart failure b.Retinal damage
c.Diabetes
d.Hyperlipidemia
e.Stroke - a.Heart failure
b.Retinal damage
e.Stroke
A 35-year-old client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client is a stock broker, smokes
daily, and has diabetes. During a follow-up appointment, the client states that regular visits to
the doctor just to check blood pressure (BP) are cumbersome and time consuming. As the
nurse, which aspect of client teaching would you recommend?
a.Purchasing a self-monitoring BP cuff
b.Discussing methods for stress reduction
c.Advising smoking cessation
d.Administering glycemic control - a.Purchasing a self-monitoring BP cuff
The nurse is teaching a client about chronic untreated hypertension. What complication will the
nurse explain to the client?
a.peripheral edema
b.right-sided heart failure
