ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Mock Exam
2026 | Trusted Questions & Answers
1. Which is correct about CINV?
The central pathway is primarily in the brain and predominantly
involved in the delayed CINV
All correct
The peripheral pathway is related to serotonin release
The peripheral pathway is primarily in the GI tract and predominantly
involved in the acute CINV
The central pathway is related to substance P
2. Active immunotherapy aims to:
Stimulate the patient's own immune system to fight cancer more
effectively.
Temporarily suppress the immune system to reduce cancer cell
resistance.
Directly supply the body with antibodies against cancer.
Replace the immune system with a synthetic one.
3. When performing the medication reconciliation for the neutropenic patient,
the oncology nurse would expect the cell nadir to occur during which one of
the following?
The cell nadir would occur the day after the last chemotherapy dose.
The cell nadir would occur in 7-14 days after chemotherapy
treatment.
, The cell nadir would occur at the beginning of the third chemotherapy
cycle.
The cell nadir would occur when the absolute neutrophil count is
greater than 500/mm3.
4. Describe the significance of the synthesis phase (S phase) in the context of
the cell cycle.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is when the cell prepares for division by
increasing its size.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is when the cell's organelles are
duplicated.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is crucial because it is when DNA
replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is when the cell undergoes mitosis.
5. Which age group is considered a risk factor for developing neutropenia?
Under 30 years old
Between 50 and 65 years old
Between 30 and 50 years old
Over 65 years old
6. What are the three phases of interphase in the cell cycle?
First growth phase (G1), Synthesis phase (S phase), Second growth
phase (G2)
G1 phase, G2 phase, M phase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Interphase
7. Describe how LHRH antagonists prevent tumor flare in cancer treatment.
LHRH antagonists promote cell division in tumor cells.
LHRH antagonists prevent tumor flare by inhibiting the release of LH
and FSH from the pituitary gland.
LHRH antagonists stimulate the production of estrogen and
testosterone.
LHRH antagonists enhance the immune response against tumors.
8. Describe how the action of a kinase can affect cellular activity.
A kinase degrades cellular components to regulate metabolism.
A kinase modifies the activity of target molecules by adding
phosphate groups, which can activate or deactivate them.
A kinase synthesizes proteins that are essential for cell division.
A kinase removes phosphate groups, leading to increased cellular
activity.
9. Describe the characteristics of acute CINV and its timing in relation to
chemotherapy treatment.
Acute CINV occurs only after 48 hours of chemotherapy.
Acute CINV is a delayed response that happens after several days.
Acute CINV is characterized by nausea and vomiting that occurs
within 24 hours following chemotherapy treatment.
Acute CINV is unrelated to chemotherapy timing.
10. What is the role of a kinase?
, catalyze the hydrolysis of target molecules
catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to target molecules,
involving inorganic phosphate (Pi)
catalyze the hydrolytic remove of phosphate groups from target
molecules
catalyze the breakdown of nucleic acids
catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to target molecules,
involving ATP
11. Monoclonal antibodies that act as checkpoint inhibitors are becoming a
more common method of treating cancers. Which of the following best
explains how checkpoint inhibitors work?
Checkpoint inhibitors prevent T cells from being negatively
regulated.
Checkpoint inhibitors prevent tumor cells from dividing.
Checkpoint inhibitors down-regulate antigen presentation.
Checkpoint inhibitors prevent macrophage activation.
12. Which of the following is a symptom of thrombocytopenia?
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Petechiae
Headache
13. If a patient is treated with bispecific monoclonal antibodies, what unique
mechanism of action do these antibodies utilize compared to naked and
conjugated mAbs?
2026 | Trusted Questions & Answers
1. Which is correct about CINV?
The central pathway is primarily in the brain and predominantly
involved in the delayed CINV
All correct
The peripheral pathway is related to serotonin release
The peripheral pathway is primarily in the GI tract and predominantly
involved in the acute CINV
The central pathway is related to substance P
2. Active immunotherapy aims to:
Stimulate the patient's own immune system to fight cancer more
effectively.
Temporarily suppress the immune system to reduce cancer cell
resistance.
Directly supply the body with antibodies against cancer.
Replace the immune system with a synthetic one.
3. When performing the medication reconciliation for the neutropenic patient,
the oncology nurse would expect the cell nadir to occur during which one of
the following?
The cell nadir would occur the day after the last chemotherapy dose.
The cell nadir would occur in 7-14 days after chemotherapy
treatment.
, The cell nadir would occur at the beginning of the third chemotherapy
cycle.
The cell nadir would occur when the absolute neutrophil count is
greater than 500/mm3.
4. Describe the significance of the synthesis phase (S phase) in the context of
the cell cycle.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is when the cell prepares for division by
increasing its size.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is when the cell's organelles are
duplicated.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is crucial because it is when DNA
replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes.
The synthesis phase (S phase) is when the cell undergoes mitosis.
5. Which age group is considered a risk factor for developing neutropenia?
Under 30 years old
Between 50 and 65 years old
Between 30 and 50 years old
Over 65 years old
6. What are the three phases of interphase in the cell cycle?
First growth phase (G1), Synthesis phase (S phase), Second growth
phase (G2)
G1 phase, G2 phase, M phase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Interphase
7. Describe how LHRH antagonists prevent tumor flare in cancer treatment.
LHRH antagonists promote cell division in tumor cells.
LHRH antagonists prevent tumor flare by inhibiting the release of LH
and FSH from the pituitary gland.
LHRH antagonists stimulate the production of estrogen and
testosterone.
LHRH antagonists enhance the immune response against tumors.
8. Describe how the action of a kinase can affect cellular activity.
A kinase degrades cellular components to regulate metabolism.
A kinase modifies the activity of target molecules by adding
phosphate groups, which can activate or deactivate them.
A kinase synthesizes proteins that are essential for cell division.
A kinase removes phosphate groups, leading to increased cellular
activity.
9. Describe the characteristics of acute CINV and its timing in relation to
chemotherapy treatment.
Acute CINV occurs only after 48 hours of chemotherapy.
Acute CINV is a delayed response that happens after several days.
Acute CINV is characterized by nausea and vomiting that occurs
within 24 hours following chemotherapy treatment.
Acute CINV is unrelated to chemotherapy timing.
10. What is the role of a kinase?
, catalyze the hydrolysis of target molecules
catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to target molecules,
involving inorganic phosphate (Pi)
catalyze the hydrolytic remove of phosphate groups from target
molecules
catalyze the breakdown of nucleic acids
catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to target molecules,
involving ATP
11. Monoclonal antibodies that act as checkpoint inhibitors are becoming a
more common method of treating cancers. Which of the following best
explains how checkpoint inhibitors work?
Checkpoint inhibitors prevent T cells from being negatively
regulated.
Checkpoint inhibitors prevent tumor cells from dividing.
Checkpoint inhibitors down-regulate antigen presentation.
Checkpoint inhibitors prevent macrophage activation.
12. Which of the following is a symptom of thrombocytopenia?
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Petechiae
Headache
13. If a patient is treated with bispecific monoclonal antibodies, what unique
mechanism of action do these antibodies utilize compared to naked and
conjugated mAbs?
