NUR 1020C EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE TERM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The nurse's understanding of these factors helps
with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's needs and values. Needs at the lower
levels of the pyramid-shaped hierarchy must be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Concept of the environment emphasized
prevention and clean air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with appropriate noise levels,
hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dorthea Dix and Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of
the Army Nurse Corps.
Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅America's first trained nurse, graduating from Boston's
Women's Hospital in 1873.
Lena Higbee - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was awarded the
Navy Cross in 1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Focused on the roles played by the nurse and the
interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2) working, consisting of two
subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3) resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Had 14 components, based on Maslow's hierarchy of
human needs from the physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
,- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the
person), or complementary (working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the
patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Stated that human beings and their environments are
interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and organizations, and
dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adaptation Model is based on the human being as
an adaptive open system.
- The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept-group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and
nursing systems constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing.
- A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care needs. Nursing systems care
for patients who require assistance in one of three categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly
compensatory, or (3) supportive-educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing their independence.
Imogene King (1971) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Developed a general systems framework that
incorporates three levels of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3)
society or social.
- In this theory, the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in the continuous
adjustment to stressors.
Betty Neuman (1972) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Systems Model includes a holistic concept and an open-
system approach.
- The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of resistance that are
activated when a stressor invades the system.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Formulated the Theory of Human Becoming by
combining concepts from Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings with existential-
, phenomenologic thought. - This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing being, and at
nursing as a human science.
Jean Watson (1988) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Theory is based on caring, with nurses dedicated to health
and healing.
Professional Attire - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Hair back
- Make-up clean, minimum
- Short nails
Nursing as a profession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The protection, promotion, and optimization of health
and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and
treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and
populations
Altruism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Motivation is public service over personal gain.
Body of Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅There is a well-defined, specific, and unique body of
theoretical knowledge in nursing, leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms, that is enlarged by
research.
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nursing professionals make independent decisions within their
scope of practice and are responsible for the results and consequences of those decisions.
Higher Education - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A profession requires that its members have an extended
education, as well as a basic liberal foundation
Accountability - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅involves accepting responsibility for actions and omissions.
Code Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ethics is the standards of right and wrong behavior
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The nurse's understanding of these factors helps
with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's needs and values. Needs at the lower
levels of the pyramid-shaped hierarchy must be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Concept of the environment emphasized
prevention and clean air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with appropriate noise levels,
hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dorthea Dix and Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of
the Army Nurse Corps.
Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅America's first trained nurse, graduating from Boston's
Women's Hospital in 1873.
Lena Higbee - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was awarded the
Navy Cross in 1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Focused on the roles played by the nurse and the
interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2) working, consisting of two
subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3) resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Had 14 components, based on Maslow's hierarchy of
human needs from the physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
,- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the
person), or complementary (working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the
patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Stated that human beings and their environments are
interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and organizations, and
dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adaptation Model is based on the human being as
an adaptive open system.
- The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept-group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and
nursing systems constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing.
- A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care needs. Nursing systems care
for patients who require assistance in one of three categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly
compensatory, or (3) supportive-educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing their independence.
Imogene King (1971) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Developed a general systems framework that
incorporates three levels of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3)
society or social.
- In this theory, the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in the continuous
adjustment to stressors.
Betty Neuman (1972) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Systems Model includes a holistic concept and an open-
system approach.
- The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of resistance that are
activated when a stressor invades the system.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Formulated the Theory of Human Becoming by
combining concepts from Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings with existential-
, phenomenologic thought. - This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing being, and at
nursing as a human science.
Jean Watson (1988) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Theory is based on caring, with nurses dedicated to health
and healing.
Professional Attire - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Hair back
- Make-up clean, minimum
- Short nails
Nursing as a profession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The protection, promotion, and optimization of health
and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and
treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and
populations
Altruism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Motivation is public service over personal gain.
Body of Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅There is a well-defined, specific, and unique body of
theoretical knowledge in nursing, leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms, that is enlarged by
research.
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nursing professionals make independent decisions within their
scope of practice and are responsible for the results and consequences of those decisions.
Higher Education - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A profession requires that its members have an extended
education, as well as a basic liberal foundation
Accountability - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅involves accepting responsibility for actions and omissions.
Code Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ethics is the standards of right and wrong behavior
