MED SURG CONSOLIDATED TEST WITH VERIFIED QUESTION AND
ANSWERS | NEWEST 2026
A pa ent expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family, and hobbies a er having
a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse use to develop a plan of care for the best results of
this pa ent's mo va on style?
a. field
b. biological
c. cogni ve
d. sociologic - C. Cogni ve theorists believe that a$en on, relevance, confidence, and
sa sfac on (ARCS) are the condi ons that, when integrated, mo vate someone to learn. Field
theorists place significance on how achievement, power, the need for affilia on, and avoidance
mo ves influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are not involved in mo va on.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater risk for hypothermia or
frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six mar nis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigare$es a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabe c - C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutri on, fa gue, and mul ple chronic illnesses are at greater risk for
hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or have impaired peripheral circula on have
a higher incidence of frostbite.
, The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game on a hot day. A spectator
comes in, repor ng that he is not feeling well. Vital signs are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM,
respirs 26 breaths/min, and blood pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his feet as the nurse
leads him to a cot. What is the priory ac on of the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the vic m with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink - C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical emergency. The spectator should
be transported to the ED ASAP. The nurs should take ac ons to lower his body temp in teh
mean me by removing his shirt and sponging his body with cool water. Lowering body temp by
drinking cool fluids or taking acetaminophen is not as effec ve in an emergency situa on. The
client needs to be cooled quickly and is a priority for treatment
The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina 1000 mL solu on of dextrose
5% in 0.45% saline. The client states that the area around the IV site burns. What interven on
does the nurse perform first?
a. assess for a blood return
b. no fy the physician
c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion - D
Potassium is a severe ssue irritant. The safest ac on is to discon nue the solu on that
contains the potassium and discon nue the IV altogether, in which case the client would need
another site started. Assessing for a blood return may or may not be successful. The solu on
,could be diluted (less potassium) and the rate could be slowed once it is determined that the
needle is in the vein.
Which interven on in a client with dehydra on induced confusion is most likely to relieve the
confusion?
a. increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr
b. applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
c. placing the client in a high Fowler's posi on
d. Measuring intake and output every four hours - A
Dehydra on most frequently leads to poor cerebra perfusion and cerebral hypoxia, causing
confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce confusion, even if perfusion is s ll less than op mum.
Increasing the IV flow rate would increase perfusion. However, depending on the degree of
dehydra on, rehydra ng the person too rapidly with IV fluids can lead to cerebral edema.
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydra on?
a. younger adult client on bedrest
b. older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
c. older adult client with cogni ve impairment
d. younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid - C
Older adults, because they have less total body water than younger adults, are at greater risk
for development of dehydra on. Anyone who is cogni vely impaired and cannot obtain fluids
independently or cannot make his or her need for fluids known is at high risk for dehydra on
An older adult client presents with signs and symptoms related to dig toxicity. Which age
related change may have contributed to this problem?
, a. decreased renal blood flow
b. increased gastrointes nal mo lity
c. decreased ra o of adipose ssue to lean body mass
d. increased total body water - A
Decreased renal blood flow and reduced glomerular filtra on can result in slower medica on
excre on me, poten ally leading to toxic drug accumula on. Aging results in decreased total
body water and gastrointes nal mo lity and an increase in the ra o of adipose ssue to lean
body mass, but is not related to dig toxicity.
The nurse notes that the handgrip of the client with hypokalemia has diminished since the
previous assessment one hour ago. Which interven on by the nurse is the priority?
a. assess the client's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth
b. document findings and monitor the client
c. measure the client's pulse and blood pressure
d. call the health care provider - A
In a client with hypokkalemia, progressive skeletal muscle weakness is associated with
increasing severity of hypokalemia. The most life-threatening complica on of hypokalemia is
respiratory insufficiency. It is impera ve for the nurse to perform a respiratory assessment first
to make sure that the client is not in immediate jeopardy. Next, the nurse would call the health
care provider to obtain orders for potassium replacement.
The client with a stroke was admi$ed to a medical-surgical unit. Which tasks does the nurse
delegate to the unlicensed assis ve personnel?
A) Assess level of consciousness.
B) Evaluate the pulse oximetry reading.
ANSWERS | NEWEST 2026
A pa ent expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family, and hobbies a er having
a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse use to develop a plan of care for the best results of
this pa ent's mo va on style?
a. field
b. biological
c. cogni ve
d. sociologic - C. Cogni ve theorists believe that a$en on, relevance, confidence, and
sa sfac on (ARCS) are the condi ons that, when integrated, mo vate someone to learn. Field
theorists place significance on how achievement, power, the need for affilia on, and avoidance
mo ves influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are not involved in mo va on.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater risk for hypothermia or
frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six mar nis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigare$es a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabe c - C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutri on, fa gue, and mul ple chronic illnesses are at greater risk for
hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or have impaired peripheral circula on have
a higher incidence of frostbite.
, The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game on a hot day. A spectator
comes in, repor ng that he is not feeling well. Vital signs are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM,
respirs 26 breaths/min, and blood pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his feet as the nurse
leads him to a cot. What is the priory ac on of the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the vic m with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink - C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical emergency. The spectator should
be transported to the ED ASAP. The nurs should take ac ons to lower his body temp in teh
mean me by removing his shirt and sponging his body with cool water. Lowering body temp by
drinking cool fluids or taking acetaminophen is not as effec ve in an emergency situa on. The
client needs to be cooled quickly and is a priority for treatment
The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina 1000 mL solu on of dextrose
5% in 0.45% saline. The client states that the area around the IV site burns. What interven on
does the nurse perform first?
a. assess for a blood return
b. no fy the physician
c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion - D
Potassium is a severe ssue irritant. The safest ac on is to discon nue the solu on that
contains the potassium and discon nue the IV altogether, in which case the client would need
another site started. Assessing for a blood return may or may not be successful. The solu on
,could be diluted (less potassium) and the rate could be slowed once it is determined that the
needle is in the vein.
Which interven on in a client with dehydra on induced confusion is most likely to relieve the
confusion?
a. increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr
b. applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
c. placing the client in a high Fowler's posi on
d. Measuring intake and output every four hours - A
Dehydra on most frequently leads to poor cerebra perfusion and cerebral hypoxia, causing
confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce confusion, even if perfusion is s ll less than op mum.
Increasing the IV flow rate would increase perfusion. However, depending on the degree of
dehydra on, rehydra ng the person too rapidly with IV fluids can lead to cerebral edema.
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydra on?
a. younger adult client on bedrest
b. older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
c. older adult client with cogni ve impairment
d. younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid - C
Older adults, because they have less total body water than younger adults, are at greater risk
for development of dehydra on. Anyone who is cogni vely impaired and cannot obtain fluids
independently or cannot make his or her need for fluids known is at high risk for dehydra on
An older adult client presents with signs and symptoms related to dig toxicity. Which age
related change may have contributed to this problem?
, a. decreased renal blood flow
b. increased gastrointes nal mo lity
c. decreased ra o of adipose ssue to lean body mass
d. increased total body water - A
Decreased renal blood flow and reduced glomerular filtra on can result in slower medica on
excre on me, poten ally leading to toxic drug accumula on. Aging results in decreased total
body water and gastrointes nal mo lity and an increase in the ra o of adipose ssue to lean
body mass, but is not related to dig toxicity.
The nurse notes that the handgrip of the client with hypokalemia has diminished since the
previous assessment one hour ago. Which interven on by the nurse is the priority?
a. assess the client's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth
b. document findings and monitor the client
c. measure the client's pulse and blood pressure
d. call the health care provider - A
In a client with hypokkalemia, progressive skeletal muscle weakness is associated with
increasing severity of hypokalemia. The most life-threatening complica on of hypokalemia is
respiratory insufficiency. It is impera ve for the nurse to perform a respiratory assessment first
to make sure that the client is not in immediate jeopardy. Next, the nurse would call the health
care provider to obtain orders for potassium replacement.
The client with a stroke was admi$ed to a medical-surgical unit. Which tasks does the nurse
delegate to the unlicensed assis ve personnel?
A) Assess level of consciousness.
B) Evaluate the pulse oximetry reading.
