OFA LEVEL 3 FINAL EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔Talus - ✔✔This bone articulate with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint
✔✔Posterior tibial arterial pulse - ✔✔Posterior to the medial prominence of the ankle
✔✔Tarsal bones - ✔✔
✔✔Metatarsal bone - ✔✔
✔✔Calcaneus - ✔✔The heel bone
✔✔Dorsal aspect - ✔✔The top of the foot
✔✔Plantar aspect - ✔✔The sole of the foot
✔✔Dorsalis pedis pulse - ✔✔The pulse that can be palpable from the dorsal surface of
the foot anterior to the ankle
✔✔The Golden Hour - ✔✔A seriously injured person must be in the operating room
within 60 minutes for the best chances of survival
✔✔3 Critical roles of the OFA attendant - ✔✔1. Recognize the seriously injured worker
quickly
2. Perform lifesaving first aid interventions quickly
3. Ensure that the patient gets to the hospital without delay
✔✔Rapid Transport Category (RTC) - ✔✔These patients require rapid treatment within
the Golden Hour
✔✔Critical interventions - ✔✔1. Airway
2. Breathing
3. Circulation
4. Cervical Spinal Immobilization
5. Rapid transport "Packaging"
✔✔Three truths of Priority Action Approach - ✔✔1. First aid trauma care requires
efficient use of time
2. Many trauma patients die because they do not make it to the operating room in time.
3. Major trauma patients cannot be "stabilized" in the field
✔✔Preparation before an emergency - ✔✔1. Know your plant or work environment
2. Know how to get help quickly
,3. Review the worksite emergency response procedures
4. Pretrain workers
5. Hold information and training sessions
6. Ensure that essential equipment is ready and available
✔✔Information given to helper calling dispatch - ✔✔1. The number of patient(s)
2. The precise location of the patient(s)
3. The basic nature of the injury(s) or illness(es)
✔✔Four steps to the Priority Action Approach - ✔✔1. Scene assessment
2. Primary survey
3. Critical interventions/transport decision
4. Secondary survey
✔✔Vital information of scene assessment - ✔✔1. Assess the scene for hazards
2. Determine the mechanism of injury
3. Count the number of victims
✔✔Determining the severity of an injury - ✔✔1. What happened
2. How much force was applied
3. To what part of the body and in what direction was the force applied
✔✔ABC's - ✔✔Airway (with C-spine control)
Breathing
Circulation
✔✔AVPU - ✔✔Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
✔✔Primary survey - ✔✔ABC's
✔✔Respiration rate - ✔✔The number of breaths per minute. Typically this is found to be
15-20
✔✔When is assisted ventilation required - ✔✔If the breathing rate falls to or below 10
breaths per minute
In the presence of cyanosis
Shallow and ineffective respiration
Severe respiratory distress
✔✔Dyspnea - ✔✔Shortness of breath
✔✔Reasons for packaging the patient in the lateral position - ✔✔1. Facial injuries
, 2. Active vomiting
3. Decreased level of consciousness
4. Stretcher limitations
5. Helicopter evacuations
✔✔What is important to do when patient is being transported laterally? - ✔✔Ensure
there is adequate padding between the patient and the spine board.
✔✔When to check vital signs? - ✔✔If patient is being sent to medical aid, or if they
complain of unusual symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath, nausea)
✔✔Vital signs - ✔✔1. Respiration
2. Pulse
3. Level of consciousness
4. Pupils
5. Skin
✔✔Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - ✔✔1. Eye-opening response
2. Verbal response
3. Motor response
✔✔Decorticate (flexion) response - ✔✔The flexing of the upper extremities and the
extension of the lower extremities
✔✔Decerebrate (extensor) response - ✔✔The extension and internal rotation of one or
more of the upper extremities
✔✔Cyanosis - ✔✔A bluish discolouration of the skin that is caused by low oxygen levels
in the blood. Most noticeable in lips, fingernails and earlobes
✔✔Four components of history taking - ✔✔1. Chief complaint(s), and history of current
injury or illness
2. Allergies
3. Medications
4. Past medical history
✔✔P²QR²ST - ✔✔Position
Provoke
Quality
Radiation
Relief
Severity
Timing
✔✔Head to toe examination - ✔✔Head
ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔Talus - ✔✔This bone articulate with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint
✔✔Posterior tibial arterial pulse - ✔✔Posterior to the medial prominence of the ankle
✔✔Tarsal bones - ✔✔
✔✔Metatarsal bone - ✔✔
✔✔Calcaneus - ✔✔The heel bone
✔✔Dorsal aspect - ✔✔The top of the foot
✔✔Plantar aspect - ✔✔The sole of the foot
✔✔Dorsalis pedis pulse - ✔✔The pulse that can be palpable from the dorsal surface of
the foot anterior to the ankle
✔✔The Golden Hour - ✔✔A seriously injured person must be in the operating room
within 60 minutes for the best chances of survival
✔✔3 Critical roles of the OFA attendant - ✔✔1. Recognize the seriously injured worker
quickly
2. Perform lifesaving first aid interventions quickly
3. Ensure that the patient gets to the hospital without delay
✔✔Rapid Transport Category (RTC) - ✔✔These patients require rapid treatment within
the Golden Hour
✔✔Critical interventions - ✔✔1. Airway
2. Breathing
3. Circulation
4. Cervical Spinal Immobilization
5. Rapid transport "Packaging"
✔✔Three truths of Priority Action Approach - ✔✔1. First aid trauma care requires
efficient use of time
2. Many trauma patients die because they do not make it to the operating room in time.
3. Major trauma patients cannot be "stabilized" in the field
✔✔Preparation before an emergency - ✔✔1. Know your plant or work environment
2. Know how to get help quickly
,3. Review the worksite emergency response procedures
4. Pretrain workers
5. Hold information and training sessions
6. Ensure that essential equipment is ready and available
✔✔Information given to helper calling dispatch - ✔✔1. The number of patient(s)
2. The precise location of the patient(s)
3. The basic nature of the injury(s) or illness(es)
✔✔Four steps to the Priority Action Approach - ✔✔1. Scene assessment
2. Primary survey
3. Critical interventions/transport decision
4. Secondary survey
✔✔Vital information of scene assessment - ✔✔1. Assess the scene for hazards
2. Determine the mechanism of injury
3. Count the number of victims
✔✔Determining the severity of an injury - ✔✔1. What happened
2. How much force was applied
3. To what part of the body and in what direction was the force applied
✔✔ABC's - ✔✔Airway (with C-spine control)
Breathing
Circulation
✔✔AVPU - ✔✔Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
✔✔Primary survey - ✔✔ABC's
✔✔Respiration rate - ✔✔The number of breaths per minute. Typically this is found to be
15-20
✔✔When is assisted ventilation required - ✔✔If the breathing rate falls to or below 10
breaths per minute
In the presence of cyanosis
Shallow and ineffective respiration
Severe respiratory distress
✔✔Dyspnea - ✔✔Shortness of breath
✔✔Reasons for packaging the patient in the lateral position - ✔✔1. Facial injuries
, 2. Active vomiting
3. Decreased level of consciousness
4. Stretcher limitations
5. Helicopter evacuations
✔✔What is important to do when patient is being transported laterally? - ✔✔Ensure
there is adequate padding between the patient and the spine board.
✔✔When to check vital signs? - ✔✔If patient is being sent to medical aid, or if they
complain of unusual symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath, nausea)
✔✔Vital signs - ✔✔1. Respiration
2. Pulse
3. Level of consciousness
4. Pupils
5. Skin
✔✔Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - ✔✔1. Eye-opening response
2. Verbal response
3. Motor response
✔✔Decorticate (flexion) response - ✔✔The flexing of the upper extremities and the
extension of the lower extremities
✔✔Decerebrate (extensor) response - ✔✔The extension and internal rotation of one or
more of the upper extremities
✔✔Cyanosis - ✔✔A bluish discolouration of the skin that is caused by low oxygen levels
in the blood. Most noticeable in lips, fingernails and earlobes
✔✔Four components of history taking - ✔✔1. Chief complaint(s), and history of current
injury or illness
2. Allergies
3. Medications
4. Past medical history
✔✔P²QR²ST - ✔✔Position
Provoke
Quality
Radiation
Relief
Severity
Timing
✔✔Head to toe examination - ✔✔Head
