NR 226 Exam 1 – Review Questions for Nursing Leadership & Management Study
Guide
D. Problem solving
-This is an example of problem solving. The nurse collects information and tries options until she
is able to find a solution to the slowed infusion rate. The focus is on solving the problem with
the patient's IV and not on solving the patient's health problem; thus this is not the diagnostic
reasoning process. - ANS ✔✔While assessing a patient, the nurse observes that the patient's
intravenous (IV) line is not infusing at the ordered rate. The nurse assesses the patient for pain
at the IV site, checks the flow regulator on the tubing, looks to see if the patient is lying on the
tubing, checks the point of connection between the tubing and the IV catheter, and then checks
the condition of the site where the intravenous catheter enters the patient's skin. After the
nurse readjusts the flow rate, the infusion begins at the correct rate. This is an example of:
A. Inference.
B. Diagnostic reasoning.
C. Competency.
D. Problem solving.
A. Diagnostic reasoning
-In this example the nurse collects information about the patient, sees patterns in the data
collected, and makes a nursing diagnosis. This is an example of the diagnostic process. - ANS
✔✔The nurse sits down to talk with a patient who lost her sister 2 weeks ago. The patient
reports she is unable to sleep, feels very fatigued during the day, and is having trouble at work.
The nurse asks her to clarify the type of trouble. The patient explains she can't concentrate or
even solve simple problems. The nurse records the results of the assessment, describing the
patient as having ineffective coping. This is an example of:
A. Diagnostic reasoning.
B. Competency.
C. Inference.
D. Problem solving.
,C & D.
-Among critical thinking concepts, the nurse shows analyticity (analyzing information, gathering
additional findings, and sensing a problem), and self-confidence (calling the physician, which
shows trust in his own reasoning). The nurse's experience would have influenced the familiarity
of patient symptoms, but in this text experience is considered a component of the critical
thinking model and not a concept. Acting ethically is a critical thinking standard. - ANS ✔✔A
nurse has worked on an oncology unit for 3 years. One patient has become visibly weaker and
states, "I feel funny." The nurse knows how patients often have behavior changes before
developing sepsis when they have cancer. The nurse asks the patient questions to assess
thinking skills and notices the patient shivering. The nurse goes to the phone, calls the
physician, and begins the conversation by saying, "I believe that your patient is developing
sepsis. I want to report symptoms I'm seeing." What examples of critical thinking concepts does
the nurse show? (Select all that apply.)
A. Experience
B. Ethical
C. Analyticity
D. Self-confidence
E. Risk taking
A&C
-Considering how to involve patients in decisions and how to combine nursing activities to be
more organized and allow for resolving more than one problem at a time are examples of
clinical decision making for groups of patients. Thinking about past experience with patients is
an example of reflection, an approach to strengthen critical thinking skills. Gathering
assessment information is part of the process of diagnostic reasoning, which should be applied
to each patient. - ANS ✔✔.A nurse who is working on a surgical unit is caring for four different
patients. Patient A will be discharged home and is in need of instruction about wound care.
Patients B and C have returned from the operating room within an hour of each other, and both
require vital signs and monitoring of their intravenous (IV) lines. Patient D is resting following a
visit by physical therapy. Which of the following activities by the nurse represent(s) use of
clinical decision making for groups of patients? (Select all that apply.)
A. Consider how to involve patient A in deciding whether to involve the family caregiver in
wound care instruction.
,B. Think about past experience with patients who develop postoperative complications.
C. Decide which activities can be combined for patients B and C.
D. Carefully gather any assessment information and identify patient problems.
C. Consistent
-Use of the same pain scale for assessing pain acuity is an example of being consistent. - ANS
✔✔The surgical unit has initiated the use of a pain-rating scale to assess patients' pain severity
during their postoperative recovery. The registered nurse (RN) looks at the pain flow sheet to
see the pain scores recorded for a patient over the last 24 hours. Use of the pain scale is an
example of which intellectual standard?
A. Deep
B. Relevant
C. Consistent
D. Significant
A. "I understand your reluctance, but the exercises are necessary for you to regain function in
your shoulder. Let's go a bit more slowly and try to relax."
-The nurse reviews the position of requiring exercises to restore function and decides to try a
different approach to proceed, which is an example of integrity. In calling the doctor for the next
step, the nurse does not reinforce the importance of exercises, which is likely the standard of
care for this type of patient. In asking the location and strength of the pain the nurse is
interpreting further to determine if any other physical problems are developing. In attempting
to learn if any other underlying problems exist, the nurse is showing curiosity. - ANS ✔✔During
a home health visit the nurse prepares to instruct a patient in how to perform range-of-motion
(ROM) exercises for an injured shoulder. The nurse verifies that the patient took an analgesic 30
minutes before arrival at the patient's home. After discussing the purpose for the exercises and
demonstrating each one, the nurse has the patient perform them. After two attempts with only
the second of three exercises, the patient stops and says, "This hurts too much. I don't see why I
have to do this so many times." The nurse applies the critical thinking attitude of integrity in
which of the following actions?
A. "I understand your reluctance, but the exercises are necessary for you to regain function in
your shoulder. Let's go a bit more slowly and try to relax."
, B. "I see that you're uncomfortable. I'll call your doctor to decide the next step."
C. "Show me exactly where your pain is and rate it for me on a scale o
B, C, & D
-The nurse can reflect on the effects of the treatment and what was difficult or confusing about
the outcome. The nurse reviews the meaning of the experience to help improve understanding
of personal comfort and competence in dealing with death and how to respond in the future.
The nurse reflects on the communication approach used with the mother to consider if it was
appropriate. - ANS ✔✔The nurse cared for a 14-year-old with renal failure who died near the
end of the work shift. The health care team tried for 45 minutes to resuscitate the child with no
success. The family was devastated by the loss, and, when the nurse tried to talk with them, the
mother said, "You can't make me feel better; you don't know what it's like to lose a child."
Which of the following examples of journal entries might best help the nurse reflect and think
about this clinical experience? (Select all that apply.)
A. Data entry of time of day, who was present, and condition of the child
B. Description of the efforts to restore the child's blood pressure, what was used, and questions
about the child's response
C. The meaning the experience had for the nurse with respect to her understanding of dealing
with a patient's death
D. A description of what the nurse said to the mother, the mother's response, and how the
nurse might ap
C. Basic critical thinking
-This is an example of basic critical thinking, in which the nurse trusts that experts have the right
answers for how to insert the Foley catheter and thus goes to the procedure manual. Thinking is
concrete and based on a set of rules or principles. - ANS ✔✔A nurse has been working on a
surgical unit for 3 weeks. A patient requires a Foley catheter to be inserted, so the nurse reads
the procedure manual for the institution to review how to insert it. The level of critical thinking
the nurse is using is:
A. Commitment.
B. Scientific method.
C. Basic critical thinking.
Guide
D. Problem solving
-This is an example of problem solving. The nurse collects information and tries options until she
is able to find a solution to the slowed infusion rate. The focus is on solving the problem with
the patient's IV and not on solving the patient's health problem; thus this is not the diagnostic
reasoning process. - ANS ✔✔While assessing a patient, the nurse observes that the patient's
intravenous (IV) line is not infusing at the ordered rate. The nurse assesses the patient for pain
at the IV site, checks the flow regulator on the tubing, looks to see if the patient is lying on the
tubing, checks the point of connection between the tubing and the IV catheter, and then checks
the condition of the site where the intravenous catheter enters the patient's skin. After the
nurse readjusts the flow rate, the infusion begins at the correct rate. This is an example of:
A. Inference.
B. Diagnostic reasoning.
C. Competency.
D. Problem solving.
A. Diagnostic reasoning
-In this example the nurse collects information about the patient, sees patterns in the data
collected, and makes a nursing diagnosis. This is an example of the diagnostic process. - ANS
✔✔The nurse sits down to talk with a patient who lost her sister 2 weeks ago. The patient
reports she is unable to sleep, feels very fatigued during the day, and is having trouble at work.
The nurse asks her to clarify the type of trouble. The patient explains she can't concentrate or
even solve simple problems. The nurse records the results of the assessment, describing the
patient as having ineffective coping. This is an example of:
A. Diagnostic reasoning.
B. Competency.
C. Inference.
D. Problem solving.
,C & D.
-Among critical thinking concepts, the nurse shows analyticity (analyzing information, gathering
additional findings, and sensing a problem), and self-confidence (calling the physician, which
shows trust in his own reasoning). The nurse's experience would have influenced the familiarity
of patient symptoms, but in this text experience is considered a component of the critical
thinking model and not a concept. Acting ethically is a critical thinking standard. - ANS ✔✔A
nurse has worked on an oncology unit for 3 years. One patient has become visibly weaker and
states, "I feel funny." The nurse knows how patients often have behavior changes before
developing sepsis when they have cancer. The nurse asks the patient questions to assess
thinking skills and notices the patient shivering. The nurse goes to the phone, calls the
physician, and begins the conversation by saying, "I believe that your patient is developing
sepsis. I want to report symptoms I'm seeing." What examples of critical thinking concepts does
the nurse show? (Select all that apply.)
A. Experience
B. Ethical
C. Analyticity
D. Self-confidence
E. Risk taking
A&C
-Considering how to involve patients in decisions and how to combine nursing activities to be
more organized and allow for resolving more than one problem at a time are examples of
clinical decision making for groups of patients. Thinking about past experience with patients is
an example of reflection, an approach to strengthen critical thinking skills. Gathering
assessment information is part of the process of diagnostic reasoning, which should be applied
to each patient. - ANS ✔✔.A nurse who is working on a surgical unit is caring for four different
patients. Patient A will be discharged home and is in need of instruction about wound care.
Patients B and C have returned from the operating room within an hour of each other, and both
require vital signs and monitoring of their intravenous (IV) lines. Patient D is resting following a
visit by physical therapy. Which of the following activities by the nurse represent(s) use of
clinical decision making for groups of patients? (Select all that apply.)
A. Consider how to involve patient A in deciding whether to involve the family caregiver in
wound care instruction.
,B. Think about past experience with patients who develop postoperative complications.
C. Decide which activities can be combined for patients B and C.
D. Carefully gather any assessment information and identify patient problems.
C. Consistent
-Use of the same pain scale for assessing pain acuity is an example of being consistent. - ANS
✔✔The surgical unit has initiated the use of a pain-rating scale to assess patients' pain severity
during their postoperative recovery. The registered nurse (RN) looks at the pain flow sheet to
see the pain scores recorded for a patient over the last 24 hours. Use of the pain scale is an
example of which intellectual standard?
A. Deep
B. Relevant
C. Consistent
D. Significant
A. "I understand your reluctance, but the exercises are necessary for you to regain function in
your shoulder. Let's go a bit more slowly and try to relax."
-The nurse reviews the position of requiring exercises to restore function and decides to try a
different approach to proceed, which is an example of integrity. In calling the doctor for the next
step, the nurse does not reinforce the importance of exercises, which is likely the standard of
care for this type of patient. In asking the location and strength of the pain the nurse is
interpreting further to determine if any other physical problems are developing. In attempting
to learn if any other underlying problems exist, the nurse is showing curiosity. - ANS ✔✔During
a home health visit the nurse prepares to instruct a patient in how to perform range-of-motion
(ROM) exercises for an injured shoulder. The nurse verifies that the patient took an analgesic 30
minutes before arrival at the patient's home. After discussing the purpose for the exercises and
demonstrating each one, the nurse has the patient perform them. After two attempts with only
the second of three exercises, the patient stops and says, "This hurts too much. I don't see why I
have to do this so many times." The nurse applies the critical thinking attitude of integrity in
which of the following actions?
A. "I understand your reluctance, but the exercises are necessary for you to regain function in
your shoulder. Let's go a bit more slowly and try to relax."
, B. "I see that you're uncomfortable. I'll call your doctor to decide the next step."
C. "Show me exactly where your pain is and rate it for me on a scale o
B, C, & D
-The nurse can reflect on the effects of the treatment and what was difficult or confusing about
the outcome. The nurse reviews the meaning of the experience to help improve understanding
of personal comfort and competence in dealing with death and how to respond in the future.
The nurse reflects on the communication approach used with the mother to consider if it was
appropriate. - ANS ✔✔The nurse cared for a 14-year-old with renal failure who died near the
end of the work shift. The health care team tried for 45 minutes to resuscitate the child with no
success. The family was devastated by the loss, and, when the nurse tried to talk with them, the
mother said, "You can't make me feel better; you don't know what it's like to lose a child."
Which of the following examples of journal entries might best help the nurse reflect and think
about this clinical experience? (Select all that apply.)
A. Data entry of time of day, who was present, and condition of the child
B. Description of the efforts to restore the child's blood pressure, what was used, and questions
about the child's response
C. The meaning the experience had for the nurse with respect to her understanding of dealing
with a patient's death
D. A description of what the nurse said to the mother, the mother's response, and how the
nurse might ap
C. Basic critical thinking
-This is an example of basic critical thinking, in which the nurse trusts that experts have the right
answers for how to insert the Foley catheter and thus goes to the procedure manual. Thinking is
concrete and based on a set of rules or principles. - ANS ✔✔A nurse has been working on a
surgical unit for 3 weeks. A patient requires a Foley catheter to be inserted, so the nurse reads
the procedure manual for the institution to review how to insert it. The level of critical thinking
the nurse is using is:
A. Commitment.
B. Scientific method.
C. Basic critical thinking.
