NR 341 – Pharmacology CJE Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients may experience
sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients experience decreased
cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? - (answer)Polypharmacy refers to the
use of multiple medications, which is common in elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - (answer)Aging leads to decreased gastric
pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients have increased
fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients experience a slower first-
pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - (answer)Aging results in decreased Glomerular
Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? - (answer)Weight/dose calculation is crucial
due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - (answer)Pediatric patients have less acidic pH
until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM absorption, and thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? - (answer)Pediatric patients have
low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
, NR 341 – Pharmacology CJE Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? - (answer)Pediatric patients have an
immature first-pass effect, while older children may have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric patients? -
(answer)Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? - (answer)Category A: No risk to humans; Category
B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus;
Category X: Fetal abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? - (answer)Risk is present for
lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - (answer)Right drug, right dose, right time,
right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - (answer)Ensure client safety, notify healthcare
provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and do not record incident report
completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? - (answer)Identify the overdose
medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - (answer)Warfarin: Vitamin K; Heparin: Protamine;
Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers: Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines:
Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon; Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients may experience
sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients experience decreased
cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? - (answer)Polypharmacy refers to the
use of multiple medications, which is common in elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - (answer)Aging leads to decreased gastric
pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients have increased
fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - (answer)Elderly patients experience a slower first-
pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - (answer)Aging results in decreased Glomerular
Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? - (answer)Weight/dose calculation is crucial
due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - (answer)Pediatric patients have less acidic pH
until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM absorption, and thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? - (answer)Pediatric patients have
low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
, NR 341 – Pharmacology CJE Exam Questions and answers with verified
Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? - (answer)Pediatric patients have an
immature first-pass effect, while older children may have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric patients? -
(answer)Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? - (answer)Category A: No risk to humans; Category
B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus;
Category X: Fetal abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? - (answer)Risk is present for
lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - (answer)Right drug, right dose, right time,
right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - (answer)Ensure client safety, notify healthcare
provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and do not record incident report
completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? - (answer)Identify the overdose
medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - (answer)Warfarin: Vitamin K; Heparin: Protamine;
Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers: Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines:
Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon; Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
