HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY + BIO 201 STUDY GUIDE (2026 A+ PREP) COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is histology? The study of tissues
What is a tissue? A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What are the fundamental tissues? Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? Framework of the body. Provides support and structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve
tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries
and testes.
What two layers compose the skin? Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
1/19
, Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin Radiation from the Sun
protect against?
What is the dermis composed of? Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood vessels,
sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from cells, attracting
bacteria that produces body
odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? They secrete sebum through the hair follicles, which lubricates
the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during Becoming clogged and attracting bacteria.
adolescence?
What protein composes the hair and skin? Keratin
What makes the body's framework? Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? Support, movement, blood cell formation, protection of internal
organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage.
A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"
2/19
, How are bones classified? By
shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregul
ar
sesam
oid
LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS
What is the name for the cells that compose Osteoblasts
compact bone?
What occurs to osteoblasts when they They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as
become fixed in the dense bone matrix? osteocytes.
How many bones make up the axial skeleton? 28 bones of the skull. 14-facial, 14-cranium.
How many bones make the facial 2 nasal bones
skeleton? 2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
1 mandible
2 palatine bones
1 vomer
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal bones
3/19
ANSWERS
What is histology? The study of tissues
What is a tissue? A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What are the fundamental tissues? Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? Framework of the body. Provides support and structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve
tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries
and testes.
What two layers compose the skin? Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
1/19
, Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin Radiation from the Sun
protect against?
What is the dermis composed of? Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood vessels,
sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from cells, attracting
bacteria that produces body
odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? They secrete sebum through the hair follicles, which lubricates
the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during Becoming clogged and attracting bacteria.
adolescence?
What protein composes the hair and skin? Keratin
What makes the body's framework? Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? Support, movement, blood cell formation, protection of internal
organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage.
A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"
2/19
, How are bones classified? By
shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregul
ar
sesam
oid
LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS
What is the name for the cells that compose Osteoblasts
compact bone?
What occurs to osteoblasts when they They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as
become fixed in the dense bone matrix? osteocytes.
How many bones make up the axial skeleton? 28 bones of the skull. 14-facial, 14-cranium.
How many bones make the facial 2 nasal bones
skeleton? 2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
1 mandible
2 palatine bones
1 vomer
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal bones
3/19
