NURS 226 Midterm – Nursing Leadership & Management Practice Questions and
Study Guide
What were the drivers of nursing throughout history? - correct answer ✔✔wars and epidemics
Basic information on nightingale - correct answer ✔✔she demanded cleanliness & sanitation
practices
what war was nightingale involved in? - correct answer ✔✔Crimean War
What is Dorothea Dix known for? - correct answer ✔✔Mental health
Which nurses were in the 20th century? - correct answer ✔✔Virginia Henderson, Watson,
Orem, Betty Neuman, Pamela Reed
Which fundamental term can be abstract of concrete/general? - correct answer ✔✔concepts
and conceptual model
Which nurses were in the 19th century? - correct answer ✔✔Clara Barton, Dorthea Dix,
Nightingale
What is the conceptual model? - correct answer ✔✔provide frame of reference for discipline;
visual representation of how concepts are proportionally related
What are Carper's pattern of knowing? - correct answer ✔✔Empirically, aesthetically, ethically,
personally
, Theory - correct answer ✔✔a speculative statement involving some element of reality that has
not been proved.
Concept - correct answer ✔✔A term or label that describes a phenomenon; phenomenon can
be abstract or concrete (health & temperature)
Assumptions - correct answer ✔✔describe concepts, connect 2 concepts, based on the values,
beliefs and goals
Propositions - correct answer ✔✔Statements that explain the relationship between concepts in
a theory
Metaparadigm concepts in nursing theory - correct answer ✔✔patient, environment, health,
nursing
what are carper's patterns of knowing? - correct answer ✔✔empirically, aesthetically, ethically,
personally
Carpers: Empirically - correct answer ✔✔the science of nursing, we gain this type of knowledge
through research and objective facts; laws & theories, evidence based practices, based on the
senses, easily verified
Carpers: aesthetically - correct answer ✔✔this type of knowing is the "aha" moment; the art of
nursing; gained by experience; not scientifically verifiable; based on the perception, not
recognition; empathy- one gains knowledge of another through empathetic acquaintance
Caper's: ethically - correct answer ✔✔Moral knowledge in nursing; It helps us make choices
when what's right or wrong isn't clear or obvious.
guides nurses in ethical dilemmas.
flows out of our own moral code and value system.
Study Guide
What were the drivers of nursing throughout history? - correct answer ✔✔wars and epidemics
Basic information on nightingale - correct answer ✔✔she demanded cleanliness & sanitation
practices
what war was nightingale involved in? - correct answer ✔✔Crimean War
What is Dorothea Dix known for? - correct answer ✔✔Mental health
Which nurses were in the 20th century? - correct answer ✔✔Virginia Henderson, Watson,
Orem, Betty Neuman, Pamela Reed
Which fundamental term can be abstract of concrete/general? - correct answer ✔✔concepts
and conceptual model
Which nurses were in the 19th century? - correct answer ✔✔Clara Barton, Dorthea Dix,
Nightingale
What is the conceptual model? - correct answer ✔✔provide frame of reference for discipline;
visual representation of how concepts are proportionally related
What are Carper's pattern of knowing? - correct answer ✔✔Empirically, aesthetically, ethically,
personally
, Theory - correct answer ✔✔a speculative statement involving some element of reality that has
not been proved.
Concept - correct answer ✔✔A term or label that describes a phenomenon; phenomenon can
be abstract or concrete (health & temperature)
Assumptions - correct answer ✔✔describe concepts, connect 2 concepts, based on the values,
beliefs and goals
Propositions - correct answer ✔✔Statements that explain the relationship between concepts in
a theory
Metaparadigm concepts in nursing theory - correct answer ✔✔patient, environment, health,
nursing
what are carper's patterns of knowing? - correct answer ✔✔empirically, aesthetically, ethically,
personally
Carpers: Empirically - correct answer ✔✔the science of nursing, we gain this type of knowledge
through research and objective facts; laws & theories, evidence based practices, based on the
senses, easily verified
Carpers: aesthetically - correct answer ✔✔this type of knowing is the "aha" moment; the art of
nursing; gained by experience; not scientifically verifiable; based on the perception, not
recognition; empathy- one gains knowledge of another through empathetic acquaintance
Caper's: ethically - correct answer ✔✔Moral knowledge in nursing; It helps us make choices
when what's right or wrong isn't clear or obvious.
guides nurses in ethical dilemmas.
flows out of our own moral code and value system.
