Q143. ICU indications in respiratory failure
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A143. persistent hypoxemia --> hospitalization; ICU indications -->;
need for mechanical ventilation; close monitoring; increasing oxygen
demand; continuous nursing
Q275. What are the mechanical causes of restrictive lung disease?
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A275. Muscle - polio, myasthenia gravis; Structural - scoliosis, obesity
,Q009. Definition:; Gas exchange compromise due to problem with alveolar interface;
(ex: interstitial lung Dz)
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Diffusion defect
Q192. Heefordt-Waldenstrom syndrome
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A192. acute sarcoidosis presentation with fever,; parotid enlargement,;
uveitis and facial palsy
Q287. Pt presents with cough, hemoptysis, decreased breath sounds in one area,
wheezing, coin lesions. Possible complications?
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A287. Lung cancer SPHERE:; Superior vena cava syndrome; Pancoast's
tumor; Horner syndrome; Endocrine (paraneoplastic); Recurrent laryngeal
symptoms; Effusions (pleural or pericardial)
Q102. Treatment for SVC syndrome.
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, A102. Radiation
H/P = recurrent pulmonary infections (e.g., Pseudomonas, S. aureus), dyspnea,
hemoptysis, chronic sinusitis, cough, meconium ileus at birth, steatorrhea, failure to
thrive; cyanosis, digital clubbing, esophageal varices, rectal prolapseLabs =
decreased serum Na; sweat test shows increased Na and increased Cl (>60 mEq/L
in children, >80 in adults); genetic testing can locate mutation in CF transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in suspected cases or in carriers of the gene
considering pregnancy
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Cystic fibrosis (CF)Autosomal recessive disorder caused by defect in
chloride-pumping channel in exocrine glands; ducts of exocrine glands
(e.g., lungs, pancreas, reproductive glands) become clogged with thick
secretionsPresents in childhood and universally fatal, but proper treatment
may allow survival into late 20s or early 30sAffects both pulmonary
(recurrent infections, chronic sinusitis) and gastrointestinal systems
(pancreatic enzyme deficiencies, malabsorption)Risk factors = whites at
higher risk than other races
Q244. What is methemoglobin?
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A244. oxidized form (Fe3+ instead of Fe2+) --> poorer O2 binding
Q207. heparin considerations in pulmonary embolism
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A207. if LMWH then no need to follow PTT and less chance of heparin-
induced thrombocytopenia; HIT is associated with more thrombotic events,
not bleeding diathesis, and is treated with new anticoagulants (argatroban,
lepirudin); start heparin immediately
Q307. What situations predispose to lung abscess with S. aureus and anaerobes?
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A307. Bronchial obstruction (e.g. cancer); Aspiration of oropharyngeal
contents (e.g. alcoholics, epileptics)
Q165. bronchiectasis etiology
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A165. secondary to recurrent pneumonias, TB, fungal or abscess; cystic
fibrosis, immotile cilia syndrome (50% Kartagener)
H/P = dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, weakness; decreased breath sounds, dullness to
percussion, decreased tactile fremitus, egophonyLabs = thoracocentesis shows
bloody effusion
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Give this one a try later!
A143. persistent hypoxemia --> hospitalization; ICU indications -->;
need for mechanical ventilation; close monitoring; increasing oxygen
demand; continuous nursing
Q275. What are the mechanical causes of restrictive lung disease?
Give this one a try later!
A275. Muscle - polio, myasthenia gravis; Structural - scoliosis, obesity
,Q009. Definition:; Gas exchange compromise due to problem with alveolar interface;
(ex: interstitial lung Dz)
Give this one a try later!
Diffusion defect
Q192. Heefordt-Waldenstrom syndrome
Give this one a try later!
A192. acute sarcoidosis presentation with fever,; parotid enlargement,;
uveitis and facial palsy
Q287. Pt presents with cough, hemoptysis, decreased breath sounds in one area,
wheezing, coin lesions. Possible complications?
Give this one a try later!
A287. Lung cancer SPHERE:; Superior vena cava syndrome; Pancoast's
tumor; Horner syndrome; Endocrine (paraneoplastic); Recurrent laryngeal
symptoms; Effusions (pleural or pericardial)
Q102. Treatment for SVC syndrome.
Give this one a try later!
, A102. Radiation
H/P = recurrent pulmonary infections (e.g., Pseudomonas, S. aureus), dyspnea,
hemoptysis, chronic sinusitis, cough, meconium ileus at birth, steatorrhea, failure to
thrive; cyanosis, digital clubbing, esophageal varices, rectal prolapseLabs =
decreased serum Na; sweat test shows increased Na and increased Cl (>60 mEq/L
in children, >80 in adults); genetic testing can locate mutation in CF transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in suspected cases or in carriers of the gene
considering pregnancy
Give this one a try later!
Cystic fibrosis (CF)Autosomal recessive disorder caused by defect in
chloride-pumping channel in exocrine glands; ducts of exocrine glands
(e.g., lungs, pancreas, reproductive glands) become clogged with thick
secretionsPresents in childhood and universally fatal, but proper treatment
may allow survival into late 20s or early 30sAffects both pulmonary
(recurrent infections, chronic sinusitis) and gastrointestinal systems
(pancreatic enzyme deficiencies, malabsorption)Risk factors = whites at
higher risk than other races
Q244. What is methemoglobin?
Give this one a try later!
A244. oxidized form (Fe3+ instead of Fe2+) --> poorer O2 binding
Q207. heparin considerations in pulmonary embolism
, Give this one a try later!
A207. if LMWH then no need to follow PTT and less chance of heparin-
induced thrombocytopenia; HIT is associated with more thrombotic events,
not bleeding diathesis, and is treated with new anticoagulants (argatroban,
lepirudin); start heparin immediately
Q307. What situations predispose to lung abscess with S. aureus and anaerobes?
Give this one a try later!
A307. Bronchial obstruction (e.g. cancer); Aspiration of oropharyngeal
contents (e.g. alcoholics, epileptics)
Q165. bronchiectasis etiology
Give this one a try later!
A165. secondary to recurrent pneumonias, TB, fungal or abscess; cystic
fibrosis, immotile cilia syndrome (50% Kartagener)
H/P = dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, weakness; decreased breath sounds, dullness to
percussion, decreased tactile fremitus, egophonyLabs = thoracocentesis shows
bloody effusion
Give this one a try later!
